怎样提高英语作文的写作能力

2016-11-30

高中英语作文的写作一定是很多同学害怕的事情,我们要怎样提高自己的写作能力呢?下面请欣赏小编带来的提高英语写作能力的技巧。

1. 使用非谓语动词形式

用非谓语动词可以使句子简洁。例如:

We were surrounded by a variety of buildings. We found ourselves deeply absorbed in the sight. After the visit, we left the park and we felt joyful.

→Surrounded by a variety of buildings, we found ourselves deeply absorbed in the sight. After the visit, we left the park feeling joyful.

2. 使用with的复合结构

with的复合结构, 也就是独立主格结构,常作伴随状语以增加被描绘内容的生动性,使文章读起来更简洁明了。

例如:

I could not go on studying because there was so much noise troubling me.

→I could not go on studying with so much noise troubling me.(2004广东卷)

3. 使用复合句

复合句可以把结构松散的句子连接起来,从而使表达显得高级。例如:

① Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. (2008山东卷)

② It is our belief that improvements in environment will contribute to the development of our society.

③ Additionally, as the data shows, there are roughly 350 million smokers in China, 75% of which are males while 25% are females. What amazes us is that around 540 million people are affected by second hand smoke. (2010广东高考考场作文)

4. 使用倒装句, 强调句, 虚拟语气等

使用这些句式可使文章化平淡为生动,加强语气,使评卷老师感受到作者的强烈情感。

He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.

→It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened. (强调句)

→Not until he had read the news in the newspaper did he know what had happened. (倒装句)

综合使用以上句式, 长短句结合,可以增强句子的连贯性和表现力。

要写出好的文章,词句的积累非常重要。恰当地运用一些常用的习惯表达和典型句式既能有效地减少文章中的病句,又能给文章添彩。

对课文中出现的佳句,同学们可以进行摘录。笔者创编了下面的几个句子,同学们可以先口头后书面练习:

① 帮助他学习数学, 对我来说也是一个显摆自己的机会。

Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by helping him learn maths.

(练习表达distinguish oneself )

② 虽然做好了失败的准备,我仍然感到伤心并决定抓住每一分钟更加努力提高我的英语。

Prepared for the failure, I still felt upset and decided to work even harder to seize every minute to improve my English.

(练习过去分词作状语;表达seize every minute to do sth. )

③ 被她的耐心所感动,我对自己的粗鲁行为感到尴尬并决定学做有耐心的人,这有助于我与同学、朋友和父母很好地相处。

Moved by her patience, I felt embarrassed for my rude behavior and decided to learn to be a patient person, which helps me get along well with my classmates, my friends and my parents.

(练习过去分词作状语;定语从句的用法)

④ 只有把竞争和合作相联合,才能有助于我们达到目标并满足自身需求。

Only when competition combines with cooperation can it help in obtaining our goals and satisfying our needs.

(练习倒装句;表达obtain one?蒺s goal, satisfy one?蒺s needs)

这样,一些好词、好的表达、好的句式,经过反复的语言实践后,已经“内化”成自己的东西,用时自然“轻车熟路”。

高中生在日常英语写作中,最大的问题是词汇量不足,想表达某种意思,但“茶壶倒饺子”,表达不出来,大脑一片空白,绞尽脑汁拼命“挤出”几个单词和几个简单的句子,还有可能词不达意或表达不得体,这与平时不重视词汇积累有关。

作为高二的学生,虽然已经积累了一定的词汇,但还是感觉到平时记的词到了写作文的时候记不起来,不会用。这主要是因为平时记的一些单词,可能是孤立地记的,没有运用,还没有“内化”成自己随时可用的“有效词汇”。

解决问题的两条途径:

第一条途径是积极、大量、用心地阅读,在阅读中体验鲜活词汇的用法,看多了,自然就在脑海中留下了“痕迹”,到写作时,这些词汇就会“信手拈来”。阅读和写作是互相促进、相辅相成的。有些词汇和句型,只有通过广泛的阅读才能把它们运用得更熟练,表达得更准确。反过来,这也可以有效地提高我们的阅读理解能力。哪怕是平时做的阅读理解题,做完之后也可以把那些好词、好的表达摘录下来并熟记;遇见好的文章,把它们按照不同体裁和主题整理出来,如果有二三十篇不同类型的好文章烂熟于胸,自然会对写作会有所帮助。

第二条途径就是记语块。语块就是一些能表达一定意义的语料。实际上,学生在写作的时候,最主要的还是不会表达,“肚里没料”。平时不能孤立地记单词,应该记表达。比如关于A Healthy Life 这一话题,同学们可以整理并创编以下语块:

① 我长寿而且精力充沛,要归功于我的健康生活 my long and active life must be due to the healthy life

② 年纪大了仍然很活跃remain active even in old age

③ 更注重健康饮食的重要性pay more attention to the importance of a healthy diet

④ 随着对……更深入的了解with a better understanding of ...

⑤ 当代社会的主要趋势the major trends in contemporary society

这些语块在一定的情景中,适当地组合起来,就可以写出一段好文章。

一篇文章是由若干个段落组成的。把段落写好了,写作文就有了良好的基础,进步也更快。一个段落,要注意其单一性和连贯性。一段文章应该只说明一个问题,或一个问题的某一方面。为了写好段落,通常的写法是:在一段的开头用一句话点出本段的中心意思,即“主题句”,然后用几句来证明、解释或发挥这个中心意思,最后再用一句把本段的意思小结一下。

还要注意写好每一个句子。比如,要把句子写完整;同样的意思可用一句话表达的,就不要再添上两三句话来反复说明凑字数;句与句之间在逻辑上要连贯;文段中的句式应该长短结合、错落有致。

常见的练习写作的形式有:

① 看图说话/写话

新课标的教材图文并茂,为看图说话的练习提供了丰富的素材,可充分利用。比如已知话题Women of Achievements时, 可根据自己所了解的有关宋庆龄的情况,作出如下叙述:

Song Qingling was considered to be one of the greatest women in the world. She married Dr. Sun Zhongshan in 1915. She was the vice president of the People?蒺s Republic of China for many years. The impression she makes on me is that she has made so great contributions to the Chinese revolution that all Chinese people love her.

这样的叙述话语不要求太多,能够抓住重点,正确运用习惯表达即可。

② 缩写

缩写是在保留原文体裁、题材、主要内容、结构顺序、人称角度等的前提下概括原文内容。缩写课文一般应该用自己的话来写,不能只停留在拼凑原文的词句上,也不要逐句、逐段照原文去改写。

③ 仿写

仿写既可以降低写作难度,又可以学以致用。当同学们掌握了对地理位置的描述,对气候、环境、资源、历史以及人口、风俗习惯的描写,学会了对有关国家、城市、旅游景点描写的写作方法, 就可以仿写自己所熟悉的某个城市的概况,并以一个导游的身份介绍给外宾。

④ 评写

关于某一话题同学们可以详细地陈述赞同与反对两方面的观点及理由。

⑤ 串写

给出每个自然段的主题句,顺着主题句把文段写完。比如:

(1) With the development of science and technology, China is facing a lot of problems with the environment...

(2) The city of Guangzhou lies in the south of China, which is famous as a commercial center and green city. But in my view the environment...

(3) As a native of Guangzhou, I am concerned about the environment here very much. I have thought of a plan to make our city more beautiful...

⑥ 练习写周记、日记

这是培养学生英语自由写作能力的第一步。写周记、日记,学生不受内容和经验的限制,可就熟悉的题材,充分发挥自己的想象力,自由表达。但是写日记、周记要有事可记、有话可写。

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