英语语法讲解_关于英语语法的讲解

2017-06-16

学习也要语法,如果老师上课讲解的不是很清楚,那么你私下里也要去问一下老师。下面是小编给大家整理的英语语法讲解的相关知识,供大家参阅!

英语语法讲解:词类

英语中主要有:名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连接词、冠词等。对于初学者,必须搞清。

1、名词(包括代词和数词):在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和另一名词的形容词。

2、动词:见第二讲

3、形容词:可在句子中作表语阿、名词的定语

注意: 以下-ly结尾的词不是副词,是形容词: friendly (友好的) lovely(可爱的) deadly(致命的) costly(昂贵的) likely(可能的) lonely(孤独的) alone (单独的) lively(活泼的) ugly(丑陋的) kindly(和蔼的) manly(男子气的)等

4、副词:主要用来说明动词、形容词和副词本身。

注意:除了in, up, down, on, inside, outside. 等只有一些表示方向和位置的副词外,副词不能作表语。

例如:Please help me water these flowers when I am out. (我不在时请帮我浇浇花。)

5、介词:又称前置词,即放在名词前面的"小词".

注意:

1)介词后面一定是个名词(除习惯外),例如不能说:because of ill,而应该为:because of illness;

2)介词后面不能跟that从句,即只能跟名词或带-wh开头的从句,这是英语语法的一条重要规则,如不能说:He did not come to the party because of he was ill. 但可以是:She got angry because of what he said. (她因他的话而生气了。)

6、连接词:用来连接两个或两个以上词或句子的词。

注意:英语中一般不能同时使用两个连接词,如不能说:Although he is very rich, but he is not happy. (只要将although 或but去掉一个即可)

关于连接词的使用,详见"第三讲:句子的连接"一节。

7、冠词:用来限定名词的词,分不定冠词a (an) 和定冠词 the, 英语中的冠词使用十分复杂,简单地说:

1) 不可数名词前不能用a (an)

2) 第一次提到的单数可数名词用a (n)

3) 能用what, who, which回答的名词用the,即3W原则

the teacher and the student / the patient and the doctor结构中的the可以表示泛指

词性不是一成不变的,是由其在句子中的位子和功能决定的。

如:She has gone home. (home为副词)

Is she at home? (home 为名词)

She looked at me patiently. (look为行为动词) She looked pale. (look为连系动词)

英语语法讲解:量词的使用

由于英语中名词分可数与不可数,量词的使用也有区别:

修饰可数名词

(a) few / fewer / fewest

many / more / most

a great (good) many

many a

a number of

the number of

既可修饰可数名词 也可修饰不可数名词

a lot of / lots of

plenty of (time, money, people)

修饰不可数名词

(a) little / less / least

much / more / most

a great (good) deal of

an amount of / amounts of

the amount of

量词使用中应注意的几个问题:

1) 分清可数名词和不可数名词是前提;

2) 不要把量词的形式搞混淆了:下面哪个表达形式是对的?

A. A lot students have come back from the summer holiday.

B. A few of the students have come back from the summer holiday.

C. A great many of students have come back from the summer holiday.

D. Many a student has have come back from the summer holiday.

E. The number of students have come back from the summer holiday.

F. A number of students have come back from the summer holiday.

以上六个表达方式中只有F 是对的。为什么?

A. a lot students → a lot of students

B. a few of the students → a few students

C. a great many of students → a great many students

D. Many a student has come back from the summer holiday.

E. The number of 表示数目,如:The number of the students in our class is 50.

A number of 表示"一些","不少",认真对比一下,看出问题来了吗?

问多少钱、多少重量时用:How much…?问距离时用:How far is it from…to…?

英语语法讲解:名词的数

1、名词的可数和不可数:

与汉语不同,英语中名词要区分可数与不可数。

笼统地讲,物质名词,如:water(水), iron(铁), wood(木头)等, 和抽象名词,如:democracy(民主), freedom(自由), happiness(幸福)等为不可数。

不可数名词前不能加a (an),后面不能加s (es),这是考试中对此类题目判断的重要依据。

2、以下名词为不可数名词:

news(消息) information(信息)

furniture (家具) equipment(设备)

advice (劝告) weather(天气)

work*(工作) clothing(衣服)

baggage(行李)

work作 "工作" 解释时为不可数名词,"找工作"不能说to find a work, 应为to find a job; work作"著作"、"作品"解时是可数名词,如:Deng Xiaopin's works (邓小平著作)/ a work about Deng Xiaopin (一件关于邓小平的作品);作 "工厂" 解释时,单复数同形:a steel works (一个钢铁厂) / two chemical works(两家化工厂)

实例:

We have a large staff but there ______ in the office.

A. haven't many furnitures

B. aren't many furnitures

C. hasn't much furniture

D. isn't enough furniture

解题思路:根据名词数的概念A、B肯定错,不必考虑;C、D的主要差异是"hasn't"与 "isn't", 句子中有there,说明该句是there be句型,故正确答案为D.题中staff, office 等词与解题无关。

注意辨别句子中斜体词的数及其意义:

There is still much room for improvement. (仍有许多改进的余地)

He has published two important papers on this subject. (他在这个课题上已发表了两篇重要论文。)

3、以下名词单复数同形:

means(手段) headquarters(司令部)

works(工厂) species(物种)

aircraft(飞机) Chinese(中国人)

sheep(羊) fish(鱼)

中国的计量单位:li(里), yuan(元), mu(亩)等

实例:

Every means has been tried out, but without satisfactory results. (每个方法都试过了,但结果不令人满意。)

4、形式上是复数的学科名称,如physics , statistics, dynamics 作单数看待;时间、距离、钞票、重量等复数,可以看作一个整体作单数处理,如:Two days is not enough for me to finish the task. (要我完成此项任务两天是不够的。)

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