英语语法讲解_关于英语语法的讲解
学习也要语法,如果老师上课讲解的不是很清楚,那么你私下里也要去问一下老师。下面是小编给大家整理的英语语法讲解的相关知识,供大家参阅!
英语语法讲解:词类
英语中主要有:名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连接词、冠词等。对于初学者,必须搞清。
1、名词(包括代词和数词):在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和另一名词的形容词。
2、动词:见第二讲
3、形容词:可在句子中作表语阿、名词的定语
注意: 以下-ly结尾的词不是副词,是形容词: friendly (友好的) lovely(可爱的) deadly(致命的) costly(昂贵的) likely(可能的) lonely(孤独的) alone (单独的) lively(活泼的) ugly(丑陋的) kindly(和蔼的) manly(男子气的)等
4、副词:主要用来说明动词、形容词和副词本身。
注意:除了in, up, down, on, inside, outside. 等只有一些表示方向和位置的副词外,副词不能作表语。
例如:Please help me water these flowers when I am out. (我不在时请帮我浇浇花。)
5、介词:又称前置词,即放在名词前面的"小词".
注意:
1)介词后面一定是个名词(除习惯外),例如不能说:because of ill,而应该为:because of illness;
2)介词后面不能跟that从句,即只能跟名词或带-wh开头的从句,这是英语语法的一条重要规则,如不能说:He did not come to the party because of he was ill. 但可以是:She got angry because of what he said. (她因他的话而生气了。)
6、连接词:用来连接两个或两个以上词或句子的词。
注意:英语中一般不能同时使用两个连接词,如不能说:Although he is very rich, but he is not happy. (只要将although 或but去掉一个即可)
关于连接词的使用,详见"第三讲:句子的连接"一节。
7、冠词:用来限定名词的词,分不定冠词a (an) 和定冠词 the, 英语中的冠词使用十分复杂,简单地说:
1) 不可数名词前不能用a (an)
2) 第一次提到的单数可数名词用a (n)
3) 能用what, who, which回答的名词用the,即3W原则
the teacher and the student / the patient and the doctor结构中的the可以表示泛指
词性不是一成不变的,是由其在句子中的位子和功能决定的。
如:She has gone home. (home为副词)
Is she at home? (home 为名词)
She looked at me patiently. (look为行为动词) She looked pale. (look为连系动词)
英语语法讲解:量词的使用
由于英语中名词分可数与不可数,量词的使用也有区别:
修饰可数名词
(a) few / fewer / fewest
many / more / most
a great (good) many
many a
a number of
the number of
既可修饰可数名词 也可修饰不可数名词
a lot of / lots of
plenty of (time, money, people)
修饰不可数名词
(a) little / less / least
much / more / most
a great (good) deal of
an amount of / amounts of
the amount of
量词使用中应注意的几个问题:
1) 分清可数名词和不可数名词是前提;
2) 不要把量词的形式搞混淆了:下面哪个表达形式是对的?
A. A lot students have come back from the summer holiday.
B. A few of the students have come back from the summer holiday.
C. A great many of students have come back from the summer holiday.
D. Many a student has have come back from the summer holiday.
E. The number of students have come back from the summer holiday.
F. A number of students have come back from the summer holiday.
以上六个表达方式中只有F 是对的。为什么?
A. a lot students → a lot of students
B. a few of the students → a few students
C. a great many of students → a great many students
D. Many a student has come back from the summer holiday.
E. The number of 表示数目,如:The number of the students in our class is 50.
A number of 表示"一些","不少",认真对比一下,看出问题来了吗?
问多少钱、多少重量时用:How much…?问距离时用:How far is it from…to…?
英语语法讲解:名词的数
1、名词的可数和不可数:
与汉语不同,英语中名词要区分可数与不可数。
笼统地讲,物质名词,如:water(水), iron(铁), wood(木头)等, 和抽象名词,如:democracy(民主), freedom(自由), happiness(幸福)等为不可数。
不可数名词前不能加a (an),后面不能加s (es),这是考试中对此类题目判断的重要依据。
2、以下名词为不可数名词:
news(消息) information(信息)
furniture (家具) equipment(设备)
advice (劝告) weather(天气)
work*(工作) clothing(衣服)
baggage(行李)
work作 "工作" 解释时为不可数名词,"找工作"不能说to find a work, 应为to find a job; work作"著作"、"作品"解时是可数名词,如:Deng Xiaopin's works (邓小平著作)/ a work about Deng Xiaopin (一件关于邓小平的作品);作 "工厂" 解释时,单复数同形:a steel works (一个钢铁厂) / two chemical works(两家化工厂)
实例:
We have a large staff but there ______ in the office.
A. haven't many furnitures
B. aren't many furnitures
C. hasn't much furniture
D. isn't enough furniture
解题思路:根据名词数的概念A、B肯定错,不必考虑;C、D的主要差异是"hasn't"与 "isn't", 句子中有there,说明该句是there be句型,故正确答案为D.题中staff, office 等词与解题无关。
注意辨别句子中斜体词的数及其意义:
There is still much room for improvement. (仍有许多改进的余地)
He has published two important papers on this subject. (他在这个课题上已发表了两篇重要论文。)
3、以下名词单复数同形:
means(手段) headquarters(司令部)
works(工厂) species(物种)
aircraft(飞机) Chinese(中国人)
sheep(羊) fish(鱼)
中国的计量单位:li(里), yuan(元), mu(亩)等
实例:
Every means has been tried out, but without satisfactory results. (每个方法都试过了,但结果不令人满意。)
4、形式上是复数的学科名称,如physics , statistics, dynamics 作单数看待;时间、距离、钞票、重量等复数,可以看作一个整体作单数处理,如:Two days is not enough for me to finish the task. (要我完成此项任务两天是不够的。)