英语什么是连词
连词是用来连接词与词、词组与词组或句子与句子、表示某种逻辑关系的虚词。连词可以表并列、承接、转折、因果、选择、假设、比较、让步等关系。
连词(conj conjunction)是一种虚词, 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为4类:并列连词.转折连词.选择连词和因果连词。连词也可以分为2类:并列连词和从属连词
并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句、句子。如:
and(和,与;而且;于是,然后;因此)
but(但是;通常用not...but...不是...而是...;可是,然而;表示惊讶,不同意等--喔,哇;用来加强语句重复部分的语气--一定;用来引入新话题--那就;常用于否定句--而不,若不;用于含doubt,question等字的否定句中相当于that--对于),
or(或者,还是;用于否定句或问句--也不;否则,要不然;也就是说,换言之),
nor(用在neither之后--也不;用在no,not,never之后--也不;用在句首,句子需倒装--也不),
so(因此,所以;因而,从而),
therefore(因此,因而,所以),
yet(可是,却,然而),
however(然而,可是,不过;无论如何,不管怎样;不管用什么方法;究竟怎样,到底如何),
for(因为,由于),
hence(因此,由此),
as well as(不但,而且;和...一样,和,也),
both…and(既...又...;不但...而且),
not only…but also(不但,而且),
either…or(不是...就是;要么...要么),
neither…nor(既不...也不...),
(and)then(那么)等等。
并列连词与并列结构
并列连词引导两个并列的句子。
1)and 与or
判断改错:
(错) They sat down and talk about something.
(错) They started to dance and sang.
(错) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.
(对) They sat down and talked about something.
(对) They started to dance and sing.
(对)I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.
解析:
第一句:and 连接两个并列的谓语,所以 talk 应改为 talked。
第二句:and 连接两个并列的动词不定式,第二个不定式往往省略to,因此sang 应改为 sing。
第三句:and 连接感观动词saw 后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构,因此whisper应改为whispering。
注意:and 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。(or也有此用法)
Make up your mind,and you'll get the chance.
= If you make up your mind,you'll get the chance.
One more effort,and you'll succeed.
= If you make one more effort,you'll succeed.
2)both …and两者都
She plays (both) the piano and the guitar.
3)not only…but ...as well as=not only...but also不但…而且
She plays not only the piano,but (also) the guitar.
注意:not only… but also 关联两个分句时,一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装
Not only does he like reading stories,but also he can even write some.
4)neither…nor意思为"既不……也不……"谓语动词采用就近原则,与nor后的词保持一致。
Neither you nor he is to blame.
表示选择的并列结构
1)or意思为"否则"。
I must work hard,or I'll fail in the exam.
我必须努力学习,否则我的考试成绩将要下降.
2)either…or意思为"或者……或者……"。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。
Either you or I am right.
或者是你对,或者是我对.
表示转折或对比
1) but表示转折,while表示对比。
Some people love cats,while others hate them.
典型例题
Would you like to come to dinner tonight
I'd like to,___ I'm too busy.
A. and B. so C. as D. but
答案D。but与前面形成转折,符合语意。而表并列的and, 结果的so,原因的as都不符合句意。
2)not…but…意思为"不是……而是……"
not 和but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。
They were not the bones of an animal,but (the bones) of a human being.
表示让步
however表让步,译为"无论如何"
However we adopt healthcare reform, it isn't going to save major amounts of money.
不管我们采取何种医疗改革措施,都省不下太多钱。
误区提示:however可以表示转折,译为"然而;不过;仍然"但是这时为副词词性,而并非连词。
例句:
This was not an easy decision. It is, however, a decision that we feel is dictated by our duty...
这很难抉择。不过,我们觉得自己有义务作出决定。
表原因关系
1)for
判断改错:
(错) For he is ill,he is absent today.
(对) He is absent today,for he is ill.
for是并列连词,不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首,只能将其放在两个分句中间。
2)so,therefore
He hurt his leg,so he couldn't play in the game.
3)because
I cannot sleep because I am too excited.
注意:
这两个词的意思很相近,通常是可以互换使用的。为了安全起见,最好用because引导从句,因为同 because引导的从句相比,for引导的从句的用法要受到某些限制:
①for引导的从句不能位于它所解释的动词之前:
Because it was wet be took a taxi.
因为下雨,他叫了一辆出租车。(这里不能用for)
②for引导的从句不能位于not,but或任何连词之后
③for引导的从句不能用于回答问题:
—Why did you do it? 你为什么这么做?
—I did it because I was angry. 因为我生气才这么做的。(这里不能用for)
④for引导的从句不能单单用来复述已讲过的话,而必须包括新的内容:
He spoke in French. 他讲法语。
She was angry because he had spoken in French. 因为他讲法语,她生气了。