小学英语五年级下册重点语法大全

2017-03-16

小学英语五年级下册重点语法大全

重点语法

一般现在时

1. 概念:一般现在时表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。

2. 构成:一般现在时的构成主要有两种形式:

(1)be型:句子的谓语动词只有be(am,is或are):

a.肯定句中,只出现be,如:

I am a student.我是一名学生。

b.否定句中,要在be后面加not,如:

She isn't a teacher.她不是教师。

c.一般疑问句,要将be放在句子开头(注意句首字母大写),句尾用问号,答语用Yes,主语+be.或No,主语+ be + not.如:

—Are you ready?—你准备好了吗?

—Yes,I am.—是的,我准备好了。

(—No,I'm not.—不,我没准备好。)

(2)实义动词型:句中的谓语动词为实义动词(也叫行为动词):

a.肯定句中,只出现实义动词,如:

I get up in the morning.我早晨起床。

b.否定句中,要在实义动词前面加do(does)+not,do(does)作助动词,本身无意义,常与not缩写成don't(doesn't),如:

I don't like vegetables.我不喜欢蔬菜。

c.一般疑问句,要在句子开头加助动词Do(does),句尾用问号,简略答语用Yes,主语+do(does).或No,主语+do(does)+not.如:

—Do you like oranges?—你喜欢桔子吗?

—Yes,I do.—是的,我喜欢。

(—No,I don't.—不,我不喜欢。)

3. 一般现在时的用法

1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。

时间状语:every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday

I leave home for school at7 every morning.

2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。

The earth moves around thesun.

Shanghai lies in the eastof China.

3) 表示格言或警句中。

Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例:Columbusproved that the earth is round..

4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。

I don't want so much.

Ann Wang writes goodEnglish but does not speak well.

比较:NowI put the sugar in the cup.

I am doing my homework now.

一般将来时

一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week,month, year…),soon,

the day aftertomorrow(后天)等。

二、基本结构:① be going to + do;②will+ do.

三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)后加not或will后加not成won’t。

例如:I’m going to have a picnicthis afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.

四、一般疑问句: be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。

例如:We are going to go on anouting this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?

五、对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。

1. 问人。Who

例如:I’m going to New York soon. →Who’sgoing to New York soon.

2. 问干什么。What … do.

例如: My father is going towatch a race with me this afternoon. →What is your father going to do with youthis afternoon.

3. 问什么时候。When.

例如:She’s going to go to bed atnine. →When is she going to bed?

六、同义句:be going to = will

I am going to goswimming tomorrow(明天). = I will goswimming tomorrow.

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