小学英语五年级下册重点语法大全
小学英语五年级下册重点语法大全
重点语法
一般现在时
1. 概念:一般现在时表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
2. 构成:一般现在时的构成主要有两种形式:
(1)be型:句子的谓语动词只有be(am,is或are):
a.肯定句中,只出现be,如:
I am a student.我是一名学生。
b.否定句中,要在be后面加not,如:
She isn't a teacher.她不是教师。
c.一般疑问句,要将be放在句子开头(注意句首字母大写),句尾用问号,答语用Yes,主语+be.或No,主语+ be + not.如:
—Are you ready?—你准备好了吗?
—Yes,I am.—是的,我准备好了。
(—No,I'm not.—不,我没准备好。)
(2)实义动词型:句中的谓语动词为实义动词(也叫行为动词):
a.肯定句中,只出现实义动词,如:
I get up in the morning.我早晨起床。
b.否定句中,要在实义动词前面加do(does)+not,do(does)作助动词,本身无意义,常与not缩写成don't(doesn't),如:
I don't like vegetables.我不喜欢蔬菜。
c.一般疑问句,要在句子开头加助动词Do(does),句尾用问号,简略答语用Yes,主语+do(does).或No,主语+do(does)+not.如:
—Do you like oranges?—你喜欢桔子吗?
—Yes,I do.—是的,我喜欢。
(—No,I don't.—不,我不喜欢。)
3. 一般现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。
时间状语:every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday
I leave home for school at7 every morning.
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。
The earth moves around thesun.
Shanghai lies in the eastof China.
3) 表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例:Columbusproved that the earth is round..
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes goodEnglish but does not speak well.
比较:NowI put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
一般将来时
一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week,month, year…),soon,
the day aftertomorrow(后天)等。
二、基本结构:① be going to + do;②will+ do.
三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)后加not或will后加not成won’t。
例如:I’m going to have a picnicthis afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
四、一般疑问句: be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。
例如:We are going to go on anouting this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?
五、对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。
1. 问人。Who
例如:I’m going to New York soon. →Who’sgoing to New York soon.
2. 问干什么。What … do.
例如: My father is going towatch a race with me this afternoon. →What is your father going to do with youthis afternoon.
3. 问什么时候。When.
例如:She’s going to go to bed atnine. →When is she going to bed?
六、同义句:be going to = will
I am going to goswimming tomorrow(明天). = I will goswimming tomorrow.