怎样提高高二英语的阅读理解能力

2017-03-17

高二的学习是一个重要阶段,学好英语对每个学生都有重要的意义。在做英语阅读理解题的时候,需要运用哪些好方法呢?下面是小编收集整理的提高高二阅读理解的方法以供大家学习参考。

提高高二英语的阅读理解能力的方法

一、扩大词汇量

任何一篇阅读理解文章中都可能存在生词、不熟悉的短语或成语。高考中规定生词可达整个阅读量的3%,这些是真正的名副其实的生词,另外还有一些是“考纲”规定的 近两千词汇中的一些拼写较长,使用不太活跃的单词以及一些根据构词法就能辩认的似是而非的“生词”。对大多数学生、特别是基础较差的学生来说,单词不能正 确释义是一个最普遍也是最基本的障碍。来自单词和短语方面的障碍,可采取如下措施:

1、不予理睬。

2、根据英语构词法,确定 词义。英语的构词法一般有派生、合成、转化等三类,所以平时就要注意掌握各种前缀,后缀的含义和用法,熟悉各种跨类词和多义词,这样就可解决那些似是而非 的“生词”。

3、根据句子结构特点或上 下文猜测词义。任何一篇文章,无论其内容,还是其结构,都是一个完整的有机整体,每一个词,每一句话都和其上下文存在某种必然的内在逻辑关系,透过这种逻 辑关系,我们就能猜测出其词义。如“The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14”,根据并列连词“and”的用法特点以及下文的“under the age of 14”,可猜测出“primary”是“小学的,初级的” 意思;又如“……everyone is expected to lead an orderly life according to rules laid down by the government,……”这里“laid down”根据上下文可猜出是 “制定”之意。

另外,平 常多看英语文章,增强英语语感,也能保证最大限度地猜准词义。

二、把握句式结构

1、认清句子成份,掌握各 种句子成份的句法功能。句子是由各种句子成份构成的,而且有些句子成份对于句子来说是必须的,句子所表达的主要意思基本上可通过它们来表达,如主、谓、 宾,但是,一个句子的主、谓、宾成份还常带有其他修饰成份,这些修饰成份或多或少地增加了句子的复杂程度,进而对快速、准确阅读产生一定的影响。如“Japan on Monday welcomed remarks by US Defence Secretary Willam Perry that Washington would consider the demand for reducing the number of US troops on the southerm island of Okinawa”这句话较长,去掉修 饰成份后,只留下句子主干“Japan welcomed remarks that Washington would consider the demand。”这样意思就明朗了, 然后根据句子成份的句法功能,补译上修饰语,整个句子所表达的详细意思就清楚了。总之,善于把较长的、复杂的句子结构变简单,注意谁是中心词和修饰词,有 助于抓关键和中心。

2、搞清句子结构特点,认 清各种句式句型

英语作为一种语言,有它自己的特点,有些句子成份的排列顺序和汉语不一样,如英语中的定语从句放在被修饰语之后,汉语的负迁 移作用会影响其阅读 理解,另外英语中还有一些句子成份排列顺序和汉语完全不同的句型结构,或英语语言所特有的结构,如倒装句、强调句等,或根据表达需要,如“The human nose has given to the lanuage of the word many interesting expressions”,“give”的用法本来是give sth to sb;又如“Word came that Napolean would come to inspect them”,that引导的同位语从句本应 紧随中心词word之后,这些都是根据表 达需要改变句式结构的例子。

三、注意篇章结构

任何一篇文章的写作思路都应符合人们思维普遍遵循的规律,先说什么,后说什么,用什么方式,都应始终围绕一个中心,或叙述、 说明一个事实,或表达、支持一种观点,同时提供相应的关键细节和有力证据。所以阅读时,通过有意识地引导学生找关键词,中心词,主题句,主题段,支持句(support sentence)等,就可抓住文章主旨 大意及深层含义,并准确、快速解题。主题句一般在 主题段段首提出,但也可在段落中间和段落末尾提出,而主题段大多也是在文章第一段提出,找出了主题句和主题段,进而便可寻找说明他们的具体事实和论据。平 时,应根据不同的题材和体裁训练学生的阅读方法和技巧,让他们熟悉叙述、说明、议论等各自的特点,这样学生就能通过从整体上把握文章的篇章结构特点,进而 了解文章的主旨大意和深层含义。

高二英语的阅读理解原文:

Every January, Breckenridge hosts the International Snow Sculpture Championships. Fourteen teams travel from all over the world to Switzerland to compete. Teams sculpt for sixty-five hours over five days. Each team hopes that when the time is up, its sculpture will be judged the best.

As the championship begins, the fourteen teams are faced with huge blocks of snow that weigh twenty tons each. The sculptors bring out their favorite tools that work best on the hard iced snow, but they are not allowed to employ tools that use electricity.

Most teams are inspired by what they have seen in daily life. For example, one team carved a teapot with tea pouring out. Another team sculpted a little cat on its hind feet(后脚)reaching into a fish bowl complete with water ripples(涟漪) and a crab(螃蟹) trying to attack the cat. In 2006, Team USA sculpted a golden dog looking at its image reflected in a mirror. To create the effect that the little dog saw its reflection in the glass, the artists carved two dogs facing each other with their paws(脚爪)touching.

As the final hours of the competition tick by, exhausted team members add last-minute detail. They use small brooms to brush off snow caught in tiny holes. One team member counts down the last five minutes while others are busy cleaning up the tools. If they leave any tools behind, they will be out. When the whistle bows, everyone must step away from the sculpture. The judges then vote on creativity, technical skills, and visual impact (视觉效果)of the designs.

In 200, Team USA took first place for their golden dog sculpture titled "Discovery". But the competition is not just about medals and ribbons. "It's not about the prize," said Rob Neyland, Team USA's captain. "It's about touching the audience. "

Every year, as the championship ends, each team is already dreaming of the next masterpiece it will design. (335)

高二英语的阅读理解题目:

73. What kind of tools are the sculptors Not permitted to use? (回答词数不超过6个)

74. What gives the sculptors ideas for their creative work? (回答词数不超过9个)

75. Why did Team USA win the competition in 2006? (回答词数不超过15个)

高二英语的阅读理解答案:

73. The tools that use electricity.

74. The things they have seen in daily life.

75. Because its sculpture was judged the best for creativity, technical skills and visual impact.

有关英语学习方法推荐

建立错误档案本

在学习过程中,已获得的知识和技能对以后新知识,新技能的形成产生一定的影响,最好的办法是消灭错误,获得正确知识和技能.每次练习或考试后,应该把自己做错的具有代表性的题目抄下来,收集汇编,然后把老师对错题讲解后的正确语句熟读牢记,保留错误的答案,用红笔写上正确的答案,眉批上理由分析,这样就形成新的语言习惯.平时和临考前翻看,加深印象,引起注意,大大减少了错误率.既巩固了知识,又提高了应试能力,发挥了最佳的水平。

重视阅读理解能力的培养

重视阅读理解能力的培养,目的是提高对语篇整体认识的能力,以及推理判断,归纳总结的能力.坚持长期阅读(每天至少2篇以上)是稳步提高的保证.通过有计划有步骤的课外阅读,不仅能巩固拓宽教材所学内容,更关键是会使所学知识活起来,激发出浓厚的学英语的兴趣以及扩大知识量的欲望。

养成朗读背诵的习惯

朗读是在课文所提供的语境中对语音,语调,意群,句型等基础知识的综合练习,同时培养纯正的语音语调和好的用语习惯以及为听力打下坚实的基础.对学过的句型,词组,对话,课文进行朗读和背诵,形成流利的语感,也培养了理解能力,为说,读及英语写作打好基础,这是提高英语水平的根本方法。

养成良好的书写习惯

养成书写规范,字迹工整,卷面整洁的习惯也很重要.高中相当一部分学生的字体书写不好,难以辨认,大小写不分,词距若有若无,标点符号乱用,给老师批改作业和试卷造成极大的麻烦.这在高考阅卷评分中会吃大亏,白白丢分.因此,高二学生平时要养成书写规范的习惯,对大小写,标点符号和词距等一定要一丝不苟,力求规范化,整齐美观。

养成使用英汉双解词典的习惯

高二学生阅读面扩大,需要补充词汇量.学生应备一本英汉词典,如牛津中,高阶英汉双解词典,在学习中随时查阅.这在很大程度上能解决学生的疑惑,帮助理解词的用法,词汇量也就随之不断扩大。

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