2017英语专八备考资料
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2017英语专八备考资料阅读理解九大常考出题点
1、篇首、篇尾、段首、段尾处常考。
按照西方人习惯性的思维方式和写作习惯,他们惯用的是演绎法:即文章一开始先提出自己的核心观点,然后具体一步步论证。因此,这类文章的主题句往往出现在首段或段首句。 文章的首段或尾段往往提出或总结出文章的主旨或结论,因此在做推理题时,选项与文章主旨一致的就是答案。
在其他结构的文章中,首段的末句或第二段的首句也是主题句的高发点,特别是当文章的首句后出现转折性陈述,而所涉及的主体事物没有发生转变时,那么文章的主题句往往是转折词后出现的与首句相对立的结论。
主题句在末段出现的情况相对比较少,只有当文章首句出现了转折性的陈述,而且观点和论述的主体事物均发生了改变时,主题句才会在文章结尾出现。
2、语义转折或对比处常考。
转折句或转折关系常常是文章内容的强调之处,是作者表达观点或陈述事物的关键地方。一般而言,作者常常借用转折连词来引出文章或段落的主旨大意。在表示转折关系的词中,however是阅读中引起语义或文义转折的常用连词,命题人常就该词前后的内容进行命题,but和yet出现在段首或一个理论或现象刚刚说完之后,表示语义出现重大转折,内容与前面的会有很大差别。需要提醒考生注意的是转折连词后面的内容往往是作者真实的写作目的或基本观点和态度,而这又常是文章中心主旨的关键所在,因此命题者会围绕这些地方出题。 阅读文章中的对比常常表现为新老观点的对比、错误与正确观念的对比,而这类文章的一般规律是作者列出一些陈旧或错误的观点,然后提出正确的观点对其反驳,因此,考生在回答这类题时要注意后面的观点,如果有转折连词,则要弄清转折词后面的内容,因为转折词后面的内容常常是句子的重点,也是命题人设题的依据。
3、特殊标点符号处常考。
特殊标点符号处,尤其是段首的特殊符号所引出的内容往往表达了作者的观点,阐述了全文的主题。此处所说的特殊标点符号包括:(1)破折号(表解释);(2)括号(表解释);(3)冒号(表解释);(4)引号(表引用或有其他特殊含义);(5)分号(表示进一步的解释说明)等等。在主题段落或主题句中,特殊标点符号所引出的内容往往是理解中心思想的关键因素,因此,在解答这类题时,我们一定要特别注意对这部分的把握。
4、列举、举例与打比方处常考。
列举处是指用First(ly)….Second(ly) ….Third(ly) ….Finally…;Not only…but also;In addition;Furthermore;Moreover;Above all;On the one hand…,On the other hand…等表示顺承关系的词语列举出的事实。列举处是事实细节题的主要出题点。考生在解题时要根据题干和选项中的关键词找到原文中相应的列举处,然后对照原文与选项,若为正面出题,则与原文内容相同的选项为正确答案;如果是反面设题,则与原文内容不同的选项为正确答案。
为了使自己的观点更有说服力、更加明确,作者还经常用举例子或打比方来论证,句中常由as,such as,for example,for instance,take…as an example等引导的短语或句子作为例证,这些例句或比喻就成为命题者提问的焦点。被设问的例子或比喻往往是与文章或段落中心紧密相关的;另外,对于那些与文章或段落中心关联不明显的例子,可以通过上下文来理解。出现在文章中的任何一个例子,考生都可以在上下文找到一段该例子的总结性文字,解答选择题时要牢牢抓住这部分内容。
5、指示代词处常考。
为了简洁明了地表达事物及其逻辑关系,写作中常用各种指示代词代替前面出现过的词或短语,当同时出现好几个事物时,它们之间的指代关系往往不易很快区分,因而常常被命题人所青睐。解答指代关系题时要注意:所有格代词(their,its,his,her)指代其前面与其最接近的名词;对于并列的及物动词而言,第二个及物动词后面的代词宾语指代第一个及物动词后面的名词短语。
6、复杂句、特殊句处常考。
包含插入语、同位语、从句、非谓语动词短语等多个附属和修饰成分的复杂句,以及强调句、倒装句、虚拟句等特殊句式,常常是阅读理解题命题的重点。解答这类阅读题时,考生一定要注意弄清句子的层次逻辑关系。
7、因果关系处常考。
两个事件内在的因果关系常常成为出题人的命题点,一般来说,这种选择题有两种形式:给原因推结果或是给结果找原因。
8、结论处或引用人物论断处常考。
作者为正确表达自己的观点或使论点更有说服力,常会引用某些权威人士的论断或采纳其重要发现等。命题者常在此处做文章。
很多文章都涉及到一些调查、实验,这些调查、实验的结果、结论常常成为考点,因此读者一定要注意find,show,reveal,conclude等动词引导的宾语从句以及thus等表示结论的词语也要注意。
9、作者及人物观点处常考。
议论文中作者的思路一般是提出某观点然后给予辩证支持,最后得出与观点一致的结论。因此,弄清了作者的观点,就把握了作者的基本思路和态度,这样的内容自然成为阅读理解考查的重点。另外,文中其他人物的观点或态度也常常受出题人的青睐。
2017英语专八备考资料翻译必备词组100例
(1)把握大局 :grasp the overall situation
(2)摆谱儿:put on airs; keep up appearances
(3)白手起家: start from scratch
(4)拜年:pay New Year call ; wish sb a Happy New Year
(5)班门弄斧:teach one's grandma to suck eggs
(5)保质期:quality guarantee period; sell-by date
(6)报销 :apply for reimbursement
(7)爆冷门:produce an unexpected answer
(8)曝光:make public
(9)奔小康:strive for a relatively comfortable life
(10)闭门羹:given cold-shoulder
(11)比上不足,比下有余:fall short of the best, but be better than the worst ;
(12)逼上梁山:be driven to drastic alternatives
(13)变相涨价:disguised inflation
(14)边远贫困地区:outlying poverty-stricken areas
(15)边缘知识人:Marginal intellectuals
(16)表面文章:Lip service;surface formality
(17)博导:Ph.D supervisor
(18)补发拖欠的养老金:Clear up pension payments in arrears
(19)不眠之夜:white night
(20)菜鸟:green hand
(21)产品科技含量 technoligical element of a product
(22)长江三角洲:Yangtze River delta
(23)长江中下游:the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River
(24)超前消费: pre-mature consumption / deficit spending
(25)城镇居民最低生活保障:a minimum standard of living for residents
(26)城镇职工医疗保险制度:the system of medical insurance for urban workers
(27)重复建设:buiding redundant project; duplication of similar projects
(28)充值卡:rechargeable card
(29)春运:passenger transport around the Chinese lunar new year ; Spring Festival travel peak ; transport during the Spring Festival
(30)打破僵局:break the deadlock/ break the stalemate/ break the ice
(31)电脑盲:computer illiterate
(32)点球:penalty kick
(33)电视会议:video conference
(34)电视直销:TV home shopping
(35)定向培训:training for specific posts ; job-oriented training
(36)动感电影:multidimensional movie
(37)豆腐渣工程:jerry-built projects
(38)对...毫无顾忌:make no bones about
(39)夺冠:take the crown ; champion ; win
(40)政治多元化:political pluralism
(41)服务行业:service industry
(42)复合型人才:inter-disciplinary talent
(43)岗位培训:on-the-job training ; job training
(44)高等教育自学考试:self-study higher education examination ; higher education self-study examinations
(45)高新技术产业开发区:high and new technological industrial development zone ; High-Tech Industry Development Zone
(46)各大菜系:major cuisine ; major styles of cooking
(47)各行各业:every walk of life
(48)功夫不负有心人:Everything comes to him who waits ; hard work pays off
(49)各尽其能:let each person do his best
(50)公益活动:public welfare activities ; pro-bono activities
(51)工薪阶层:salaried person ; working class ; wage-earning class
(52)过犹不及:going too far ia as bad as not going far enough ; too much is as bad astoo little
(53)函授大学:correspondence university
(54)好莱坞大片:Hollywood blockbuster
(55)核心竞争力:core competitiveness
(56)虎父无犬子:A wise goose never lays a tame leg ;
Like father, like son.(有其父必有其子)
(57)基本国情:fundamental realities of the country
(58)激烈竞争:cut-throat competition ; fierce/intense competition
(59)极限运动:maximal exercise/X-games
(60)集中精力把经济建设搞上去:go all out for economic development ; focus on the economic developement
(61)加班:work overtime
(62)嘉宾: distinguished/honored guest
(63)加快市场步伐:quicken the pace of marketization
(64)假冒伪劣产品:counterfeit and shoddy products ; fake and poor quality commodities
(65)减负:alleviate burdens on sb
(66)江南水乡:the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River
(67)教书育人:impart knowledge and educate people ; teach
(68)脚踏实地:be down-to-earth
(69)解除劳动关系:sever labor relations
(70)扩大内需:expand domestic demand
(71)拉拉队:cheering squad
(72)论文答辩:(thesis) oral defence à on one’s thesis defence; defend one’s thesis (v.)
(73)马到成功:achieve immediate victory ; succeed immediately
(74)三维电影/动画片:3-dimensional movie/animation
(75)森林覆盖率:forest coverage
(76)社会保险机构:social security institutions
(77)社会热点问题:hot spots of society ; hot social issues
(78)社会治安情况: public security situation
(79)申办城市:the bidding cities
(80)身体素质:physical constitution ; physique
(81)生计问题:bread-and-butter issue
(82)生意兴隆 :Business flourishes. / Business is booming. / Business prospers.
(82)市场疲软:a sluggish market ; a weak market
(83)市政工程:municipal projects
(84)事业单位:public institution
(85)试用期:probationary period ; trial period
(86)首创精神:pioneering spirit
(87)手机充值:cell phone replenishing/recharging
(88)台湾同胞:Taiwan compatriots
(89)脱贫致富:cast off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity ; get rid of poverty and become better off/rich
(90)西部大开发:Development of the West Regions ; the Great Development of Western China
(91)新秀:up-and-coming star ; rising star
(92)学生处:students' affairs division
(93)舆论导向:direction of public opinion
(94)招生就业指导办公事:enrolment and vocation guidance office
(95)支柱产业:pillar cornerstone industry
(96)中专生:secondary specialized or technical school student
(97)专题报道:special coverage/report ; feature story
(98)《阿Q正传》:The True Story of Ah Q
(99)《春秋》:Spring and Autumn Annals
(100)知识产权:intellectual property rights
2017英语专八备考资料作文常用短语
1、不可否定 It is undeniable that…
2、跟上…的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with
3、完整不同的观点 a totally different argument
4、在一定程度上 to some extent(degree) / in some way
5、蒙受更大的工作压力 suffer from heavier work pressure
6、社会发展的必然成果 the inevitable result of social development
7、为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society
8、对…必不可少 be indispensable to …
9、对…发生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on…
10、保障社会的稳固和繁华 guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society
11、经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden
12、社会位置 social status
13、可贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources
14、缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relieve stress(burden)
15、引起了普遍的公众关注arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention
16、更多地强调 put more emphasis on…
17、有争议性的问题 a controversial issue
18、环保(的) environmental protection / environmentally friendly
19、综合素质 comprehensive quality
20、双方的论点 arguments on both sides
21、…必然趋势 an irresistible trend of…
22、优先考虑/发展… give (top) priority to sth.
23、社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress
24、导致、引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in
25、打下坚实的基本 lay a solid foundation for…
26、正如谚语所说 As the proverb(saying)goes,
27、竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation
28、施展着日益主要的作用 play an increasingly important role in…
29、对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue
30、面临新的机会和挑衅 be faced with new opportunities and challenges
31、毫无疑问 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that...
32、扬长避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones
33、人民生涯程度的明显进步/ 稳步增加 the remarkable improvement(steady growth) of people’s living standard
34、实现梦想 realize one’s dream/ make one’s dream come true
35、器重 attach great importance to…
36、对…有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to
37、斟酌到诸多因素 take many factors into account(consideration)
38、社会提高的反应 mirror of social progress
39、适应社会发展 adapt oneself to the development of society
40、取其精华,取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs
41、热闹的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate
42、取代 replace/ substitute / take the place of/give way to
43、理论和实践相联合integrate theory with practice
44、提出折中提议 set forth a compromise proposal
45、对…观点因人而异 Views on …vary from person to person
46、科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology
47、做出共同尽力 make joint efforts
48、有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides
49、致力于/ 投身于 be committed(devoted)to…
50、义务感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement 51、交换思想/ 感情/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information