状语从句的用法讲解

2017-06-05

状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。下面小编就给大家介绍状语从句的用法讲解。

一、概说

状语从句即指在主从复合句用作状语的从句。按照其意义,状语从句可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等。状语从句是英语学习中的一个语法重点,也是历年重点考查的内容之一。学习状语从句主要应注意引导状语从句的从属连词的用法与区别,以及从属连词在一定的语言环境中的意义与用法。

二、时间状语从句

1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词很多,常见的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等。

2. 表示“当…时候”的 while, when, as 的用法区别是:while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词;表示带有规律性的“每当”或当主、从句谓语动词的动作发生有先后时,只能用when;当表示“一边…一边…”或“随着”时,只能用as。另外,用于此义的 as 所引导的时间状语从句谓语只能是动作动词,不能是状态动词。如下面一道高考题的答案是B 而不能是A:

“I’m going to the post office.” “_____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?”

A. As B. While C. Because D. If

3. until 在肯定句中通常只连用延续性动词,表示相应动作结束的时间;在否定句中通常连用非延续性动词,表示相应动作开始的时间,意为“直到…才”。如:

He waited until she was about to leave. 他等着一直到她准备离开。

I did not begin to work till he had gone. 他走了后我才开始工作。

4. 表示“一…就”除用as soon as 外,还可用 the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, no sooner…than, hardly…when 等。如:

I came immediately you called. 你一来电话我就来了。

Hardly had she arrived when it began to snow. 她刚到就下起雪来了。

The moment I have finished I'll give you a call. 我一干完就给你打电话。

5. every time, each time, (the) next time, (the) last time, by the time, the first time, any time 等以time 结尾的词语也可用作连词,引导时间状语从句。如:

Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你进来,请关门。

He didn’t tell me anything the last time I saw him. 上次我见到他时他什么也没告诉我。

By the time I got home, she had already gone to bed. 我到家时她已睡觉了。

三、条件状语从句

1. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有 if, unless, as [so] long as等。如:

Don’t come unless I telephone. 除非我打电话,否则你别来。

If you watch carefully you will see how to do it. 如果你仔细瞧你会看出该怎样做。

As long as you do your best, we’ll be happy. 只要你尽力,我们就满意了。

2. in case 也可引导条件状语从句,其意为“如果”、“万一”。如:

In case I forget, please remind me about it. 如果我忘了,请提醒我。

四、让步状语从句

1. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有 although, though, however (=no matter how), even if (即使), whether…or (不论…还是)等连词。如:

The speech is good, though it could be better. 这次演讲不错,虽然还可以再好一点。

He went out even though it was raining. 尽管下雨,他还是出去了。

2. as 也可引导让步状语从句,但要将名词、形容词或副词等提到as 前,若提前的是单数可数名词,要省略a / an。如:

Teacher as he is, he can’t know everything. 虽然是老师,他也不可能什么都懂。

3. 连词while 有时也可表示“尽管”、“虽然”,引导让步状语从句。如:

While we don’t agree we continue to be friends. 尽管我们意见不同,我们还是朋友。

4. whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever 等引导让步状语从句。如:

Don’t lose heart whatever you do. 不管你做什么,都不要灰心。

Whoever you are, you can’t pass this way. 不管你是谁,你都不能从这里通过。

注:表示“虽然”的 though, although 不可与 but 连用,但可与 yet, still 连用。

五、原因状语从句

1. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that)等:

They can’t have gone out because the light’s on. 他们不可能出去了,因为灯还亮着。

Since you are going, I will go. 既然你去,我也去。

Now that we are alone, we can speak freely. 现在我们单独在一起,可以随便谈了。

2. 除以上提到的大家比较熟悉的引导原因状语从句的从属连词外,when有时也可引导原因状语从句,其意“既然”。如:

I can’t tell you when you won't listen. 既然你不想听,我就不告诉你了。

3. 有关原因状语从句还应注意以下几点:

(1) as与since, now that 一样表示双方都知道的原因,通常位于主句前,且均不可用于强调结构被强调。

(2) 当表示直接的因果关系,回答why 时,或有only, just, all, partly, not, but 等副词修饰时,或用在强调结构中都只能用 because。

(3) for 有时也可引出表示原因的分句,但它只能位于后面,对前一分句加以解释或推断。

(4) 不要受汉语意思影响将表示“因为”的连词与表示“所以”的so 连用。

六、地点状语从句

引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要有where (在…的地方), wherever (无论什么地方), everywhere (每个…地方), anywhere (任何…地方)。如:

I’m not living where I was. 我不在原处住了。

You can’t camp where [wherever, anywhere] you like these days. 如今你可不能随便在哪儿宿营。

Everywhere I go, I find the same thing. 不管我走到哪里,我都发现同样情况。

2. 有的同学认为地点状语从句在平时见得不多,误认为考试不会涉及,但恰恰相反,地点状语从句却是英语考试经常考查的一个知识点。请看以下考题:

(1) When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _____ you have any questions.

A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where

(2) After the war, a new school building was put up _____ there had once been a theatre.

A. that B. where C. which D. when

(3) You should make it a rule to leave things _____ you can find them again.

A. when B. where C. then D. there

(4) She found her calculator ______ she lost it.

A. where B. when C. in which D. that

以上四题均选where,其意为“在…的地方”,用以引导地点状语从句。

七、目的状语从句

1. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。如:

I hired a boat so that I could go fishing. 我租了一条船去钓鱼。

Take your coat in case it rains (should rain). 带着雨衣以防下雨。

He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力学习,是为了能通过考试。

2. 引导目的状语从句的so that 有时可省so 或 that,即单独用so 或that 来引导目的状语从句。如:

Check carefully, so any mistake will be caught. 仔细检查,以便任何错误都可检查出。

Bring it closer that I might see it better. 拿近些,使我能看得清楚些。

八、结果状语从句

引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有so that, so…that, such…that等。如:

He was so angry that he couldn't speak. 他气得话都说不出来。

He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗子用力很大,结果玻璃震破了。

注:so…that和such…that中的that有时(尤其在口语中)可省略。

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