形式宾语的用法形式宾语怎么用

2017-04-11

形式宾语的用法

下列四种情况须用it 作形式宾语：

① 当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时(如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等);

e.g. They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.

(他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。)

I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English.

(我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。)

He makes it a rule never to borrow money.

(他立志决不向别人借钱。)

I think it no need talking about it with them.

(我认为没必要跟他们谈。)

② 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句;

e.g. I don’t like it that he’s so lazy.

(我不喜欢他那么懒惰。)

I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.

(我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋。)

③ that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语;

e.g. You may depend on it that we shall always help you.

(尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。)

Would you see to it that she gets home early?

(你负责保证她早到家，好吗?)

He insisted on it that he was innocent.

(他坚持说自己是无辜的。)

④ 由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it。

e.g. I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it.

(我让你自己判断这事是否该做。)

We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident.

(多亏了你才没有发生严重事故。)

几种特殊的形式宾语

通常意义的形式宾语主要见于真正宾语为不定式、动名词、从句等且其后跟有宾语补足语时的情形，即用于“动词+it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语”这样的结构，但以下几类形式宾语却比较特殊，其后没有宾语补足语。

1.动词+ it + that-从句

I like it that you came.你来了，我很高兴。

I take it (that) he will come on time.我认为他会准时来的。

You can put it that it was arranged before.你可以说这是以前安排的。

Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign.据传闻，国防部长不久就要辞职。

【注】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有have, take, put, like等。

2.动词+ it + when (if)-从句

I dislike it when you whistle.我不爱听你吹口哨。

We really appreciate it when she offered to help.她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。

I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work.要是我不必做那么多工作，好就太好了。

【注】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer等。

形式宾语的用法形式宾语怎么用

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