英语中have been的用法_have been的用法

2017-06-01

英语中have been 的用法

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的确和现在有联系.动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在;

也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态.其构成：have(has)+过去分词.现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语.现在完成时的时间状语：for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in past years,always等现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.

过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,get married等举例：I saw this film yesterday.

(强调看的动作发生过了.) I have seen this film.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了.) She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了.She returned yesterday.她是昨天回来了.He has been in the League for three years.

(在团内的状态可延续) He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续) He joined the League three years ago.(三年前入团,joined 为短暂行为.) I have finished my homework now.---Will somebody go and get Dr.While?---He's already been sent for.

句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday,last,week,in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时.(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

have been的用法

一、have been与表示职业的名词连用，用来询问或说明某人所从事的职业。例如：

Have you ever been a teacher ?你曾经当过教师吗? I've been a doctor before .以前我曾经是一位医生。

这种表达与how long, for或since等表示时间的短语连用后，则表示此种状态的持续时间。例如：

How long have you been a player ?你当运动员有多久了?

I've been a worker for twelve years. 我当工人十二年了。 I've been a soldier since two years ago. 自从两年前我就当了战士。

二、have been后接形容词，表示某种行为或状态。此时和表示时间的短语how long, for或since等连用时，则表示这种状态持续的时间。例如：

The shop has been open .这家商店营业了。

How long has this factory been open ?这家工厂开工多久了?

The factory has been open for several years. 这家工厂开工好几年了。

The baby has been asleep since his mother left. 自从他妈妈走后，这小孩就睡着了。

I have so tired these days. 这些天我很累。

这种方式也用来表示天气等：

It has been hot since last week. 自从上周以来，天气一直很热。

某些动词的分词用作形容词时，也可以使用这种句式表达。例如：

Jim's purse has been missing (for a week). 吉姆的钱包丢了(一周了)。

The train has been gone (for half an hour). 火车开走了(半小时了)。

三、have been 可以和表示地点的介词短语连用，依据介词的不同和语境的不同，可以表示相当于汉语中的“去过”、“来”、“到”、“在”等不同动词的意思。和how long , for ,since等表示时间的短语连用后，表示这种状态的持续时间。

例如： Have you been to Beijing ?你去过北京吗?(不在北京问) Has Jim been to China? 吉姆来过中国吗?(在中国问)/ 吉姆去过中国吗?(在中国以外的地方问)

How long have you been at the school? 你在/到/来这所学校多久了?

They have been in China for more than two years. 他们来中国两年多了。

have been与表示地点的副词here 或there等连用时，与上述意思相同：

I have been here for two hours. 我来这儿两个小时了。 He has been there for three years. 他在那儿已经三年了。 Where have you been (to)? 你刚才去哪里了?

四、have been可以与away, back, in, on, out, over等小品词连用，相当于一个表示动作动词的现在完成时的用法，表示某种状态。当这种状态与for等表示段时间的短语连用时，表示这个状态的延续时间。例如：

Tom has been away (for a week). = Tom has left (for a week). 汤姆离开(一周)了。

The film has been on (for half an hour). = The film has begun (for half an hour). 电影开演(半小时)了。

He has been out (for two days). = He has left his home (for two days). 他不在家(两天)了。

The train has been in (for two hours). = The train has arrived (for two hours). 火车到达(两小时)了。

He has been back (for a week). = He has come back (for a week). 他回来一周了。

[请注意上述例子中的后一种说法。我们一直在教学生不能说 I've come for an hour.之类的句子，让学生记住所谓的“瞬间动词”不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，然而，这种观点是违背英语使用原则的。详情请见2003年第三期《中学外语教与学》或《中学英语学习与辅导误区100例》(金盾出版社2005年2月出版)]

五、have been后接动词的现在分词，为现在完成进行时，强调从过去某一时间到现在为止的一段时间内一直进行或反复多次发生的动作，这个动作到说话时是否停止，视上下文或当时语言环境而定。例如：

He has been working in that factory for five years.

他在这工厂工作五年了。(现在是否仍在该工厂工作，视上下文而定。)

I have been surfing every day. 每天我都要冲浪。

六、have been +及物动词的过去分词，为现在完成时被动语态的形式，表示一个已完成的被动动作。例如：

The moon has been visited by human being already. 月亮已经被人类访问过了。

Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 人造卫星已经被很多国家发射到了太空。

have在中学英语里的用法

一.Have基本用法和与其他词连用

1，起佛定和疑问形式变化，在美国通用助动词do.在美国口语中常用have got

代替have.

2， Look,can’t you see I’ve got teeth ,too, I haven’t any jewelry.

2, have 和一些其他名词连用，

表示;

(1) 一种活动

We have no classes on Sunday .(上课)

They’re gong to have a volleyball match .(举行活动)

Are we going to have a meeting this week? (开会 )

We are going to have a talk this afternoon.(听报告 )

(2)表示患病

I have got a headache.

I have a bad cold.

(3) 发生情况。

I’ve got so many falls that I’m black and blue all over。(跌跤)

(4)表示生育。

The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in onesummer.

3和一与动词同形的名词连用，表示一个动词(have+a+由动词转化和名词)

Are you going to have a swim.

I have a long talk with the teacher.

4,have on sth 或 have sth on, 表示“戴着”

I noticed he had on bedroom slippers.

At the ball Mathild had a diamond necklace on.

5,表示“吃”，“喝”。

I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs.

Does she have lunch at home ?

6,组成复合结构既”have +宾语+宾语补足语(have sb do sth),表示让，叫某人做某事。

The soldier had him stand with his back to his father. (注)：否定结构表示“不能让“活从未有人”

(2)现在分词作宾语补足语(have sb sth doing),表示让某人做某事。 „the two men had their lights buring all night long„„.

(3) 过去分词作宾语补足语(have sb sth done),

表示：

(1) 使(让，请)别人做某事，表示的动作是别人做的.

Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joinde up.

he should have news clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.

(2) 遭遇到某事。

House near airports sometimes have their windows broken.

Workers in some industries have hearing by the noise of the machine 二.Have与 to 一起构成情态动词，表示“不得不”“必须”，可用于各种时态。

I have to look after her at home.

三，have 做助动词与动词的过去分词一起构成现在完成时和过去完成时。 Great changes have taken place the last two years.

They said that the Arab had stolen their camel.

四.have 用于“情态动词+have +过去分词”的结构有推测，假设之意 1, must +have+过去分词，表示对过去时间发生的动作或存在的情况的推测，一般用于肯定句。

Her father thought that she must have met a fairy.

You must have left your bag in the theatre.

2,can (could)+have+过去分词，表示对过去发生事情的“不肯定”，常用于否定句和疑问句。

He can’t have been to your home, he doesn’t know your address. 3,should+have+过去分词，表示“某事本该早做而实际未做，”用于肯定句。 You should have been here five minutes ago.

五，have 用于某些成语，表示固定的意思。

1， have a word (a few words ) with sb,表示和某人説(几)句话。

Where’s Peter ? I want to have a word with him.

2, had better +不带 to 的动词不定式，表示“„最好„”

I’d better go and look for him now.

3, have nothing (something) to do with 表示“和„无(有)“关系。 Most of questions had nothing to do with Edison’s lesson.

英语中have been的用法_have been的用法

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