保护心脏医学双语阅读短文

2017-02-23

医学双语阅读：保护心脏

tend your ticker with a heart monitor

heart-rate monitors help put workouts in perspective.

they are “the ultimate personal trainer,” said david wright, a certified fitness specialist and army master fitness trainer. “the main reason for using a heart-rate monitor is for safety.”

a basic heart-rate monitor consists of a transmitter strapped to the chest or over the breastbone. it send signals to a receiver, usually worn on the wrist. the receiver displays the heart rate – the rate at which your heart is sending blood to your muscles and lungs.

a monitor also can reduce the risk of injury.

“what happens most of the time,” wright said, “is that the novice will go out and practice at a rate that is way too high. when you overexert yourself, you are at risk for injury, and you could be putting your heart at risk.”

the monitor “can also be used as a way to motivate,” wright said. “you are able to assess and monitor your own training. it is something a beginner can use and an advanced runner can use.”

most important, once you buy your monitor, you must find the proper heart rate for your workouts. to do this, wright recommends this formula:

· determine the maximum heart rate by substracting your age from 220. for example, a 50-year-old would have a maximum heart rate of 170 beats per minute. you do not want your heart rate to exceed the maximum during exercise.

· determine you resting heart rate. sit quietly in the morning before consuming stimulants such as caffeine. count the number of times your heart beats in one minute. a 50-year-old might have a resting heart rate 0f 75 beats per minute.

· substract the resting rate from the maximum. (170-75=95 beats per minute). the 95 beats per minute is your hear-rate reserve.

· multiply the heart-rate reserve by the intensity level at which you want to exercise. for example, a beginner might want to exercise at a 60 percent intensity level (95 beats x 60 percent = 57 beats per minute).

· add the resting heart rate. (75) to the intensity level (57). in this example, 132 is the target heart rate.

· “the 50-year-old man would not want to go above 132 beats per minute when he exercises,” wright said. “most importantly, whatever you do, find your zone. if you exercise any higher than the recommended heart rate, you put yourself at risk for injury.”

医学英语阅读：心脏病高发三大原因

1.Leaving hostility and depression unchecked

放任敌意和沮丧的情绪

Are you feeling stressed, hostile, or depressed? It can take a toll on your heart. While everyone feels this way some of the time, how you handle these emotions can affect your heart health. “Those likely to internalize stress are in greater danger; research has shown a benefit to laughter and social support,” Dr. Reynolds says。

你是否感到压力大、有敌意或是沮丧?这些都对你的心脏有害。虽然所有人都会偶尔经历这些，但你处理这些情绪的方式能够极大地影响到你的心脏健康。“常把情绪压在心里的人很危险，研究表明大笑或是社交活动有利于健康。”Reynolds医生说。

2.Not flossing

牙齿不清洁

While the exact reason is unknown, there is a strong link between gum disease and heart disease, Dr. Ostfeld says. If you don’t floss, sticky, bacteria-laden plaque build up over time, which can lead to gum disease. One theory is that these bacteria trigger inflammation in the body。

Ostfeld医生说，虽然确切的关联尚不清楚，但牙齿疾病与心脏病的确有着强烈的关联。如果你不清洁牙齿，时间长了，那些黏糊糊充满细菌的牙垢就会积累起来，造成牙龈疾病。有一种理论认为这些细菌会引发机体炎症。

3.Avoiding fruits and vegetables

不吃水果和蔬菜

“The most heart-healthy diet is a plant-based diet,” Dr. Ostfeld says. That means loading up on fruits and vegetables, nuts, whole grains, low-fat dairy, and protein, and keeping junk food to a minimum. In fact, new federal dietary guidelines recommend that half of each meal should be composed of fruits and vegetables。

对心脏最有好处的食物大多是植物，”Ostfeld医生说。这意味着要多吃水果和蔬菜，坚果，全麦食品，低脂牛奶和蛋白质，别吃垃圾食品。事实上，最新的联邦饮食建议每顿饭应该至少有一半是水果和蔬菜。