英语四级段落信息匹配题
在如今的国际以及国内形势下,对于所有非英语专业大学生来说,英语俨然也成为了一门必修必须掌握的学科,而全国大学英语四级考试也成为了测试众多非英语专业大学生英语水平的一个重要的标尺。小编精心收集了英语四级段落信息匹配题，供大家欣赏学习!
英语四级段落信息匹配题篇1
Paper--More than Meets the Eye
A) We are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper materials, and whilst it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades.
B) It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made to look good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card.
C) Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses or which papyrus is an example and from where we get the word "paper". Many of these are very specialized, but the preponderance of paper making has been from soft wood and cotton or rags, with the bulk being wood-based.
Paper from Wood
D) In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerfulmachinery and then boiled with strong alkalies such as caustic soda, until a fine pulp of cellulose fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence of paper making from wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will addbleach and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals.
E) A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose. Something calledlignin. This is essential for the tree since it holds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimated that most paper back books will have a life of notgreater than fifty years. Not what we need for our archives.
F) Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture, the obvious question is "why is it left in the paper?" The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of the tree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications.
G) It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be more expensive, but that is nevertheless what the archivist must look for in his supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to hasten their demise. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them to fade and is some cases simply vanish!
H) So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that is unsuitable? You cannot do it by simply looking, and rather disappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. "Acid-free" might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may indicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in the right conditions it will speed up enormously.
I) Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also contain other materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but for the fact that there are suppliers who will guarantee the material that they sell. If you want to be absolutely sure that you are storing in, or printing on, the correct material then this is probably the only way.
J) Incidentally, acids can migrate from material to material. Lining old shoe boxes with good quality acid-free paper will do little to guard the contents. The acid will get there in the end.
Paper from Rag
K) Paper is also commonly made from cotton and rag waste. This has the advantage of being lignin-free, but because there is much less cotton and rag than trees, it also tends to be much more expensive than wood pulp paper. You will still need to purchase from a reliable source though, since even rag paper and card can contain undesirable additives.
L) A reliable source for quality rag papers is a recognized art stockiest. Many water color artists insist on using only fine quality rag paper and board.
M) The main lesson to learn from this information is that you cannot rely on purchasing archival materials from the high street. The only safe solution is to purchase from specialist suppliers. It may cost rather more, but in the end you will know that your important and valuable data and images have the best home possible.
1. The corn-flake packet is cheaper than high grade card.
2. There are a lot of materials which can be used for making paper, but the superiority ones are soft wood, cotton and rags.
3. During the whole manufacturing process, the final product is made from a pulp of cellulose fibres.
4. In order to make white paper and card, the makers will add bleach.
5. Liguin is essential for the tree but it will make paper easy to break.
6. Many paper producers will preserve lignin during manufacture, because leaving the lignin will make more paper from a tree.
7. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials.
8. If the lignin is removed from the paper, the paper will be more expensive.
9. Although free of lignin, paper made from cotton and rag waste can also cost more money than wood pulp paper because there is much less cotton and rag than trees.
10. What we can learn from "Paper from Rag" is that you had better buy archival materials from specialist suppliers.
答案参考：
1. B 根据题干中的信息提示词corn—flake packet,high grade card,可定位到文章第二段，该部分最后提到corn-flake packet在制造过程中比高等级的纸(high grade card)便宜.
2. C 根据题干中的信息提示词soft wood，cotton and rags，可定位到文章第三段最后一句。
3. D 根据题干中的信息提示词final product，可将答案定位到D段，第二、三句提到最后的产品来源于纤维素纸浆。
4. D 根据题干中的信息提示词white paper and card，可将答案定位到D段，该部分最后提到为了得到白纸，纸张生产者在制造过程中添加了漂白粉和其他化学物质。
5. E 根据题干中的信息提示词essential for the tree，可将答案定位到E段，该部分提到木质素是木头的主要组成物，其作用是凝聚纤维素，但它会使纸张变得易碎。
6. F 根据题干中的信息提示词lignin，可将答案定位到F段，该部分最后提到许多纸张生产者在生产过程中会保留木质素，主要是因为它会增加树木的造纸产量。
7. G 根据题干中的信息提示词acid，可将答案定位到G段，该部分最后提到酸对相纸的原料尤其不利。
8. F 根据题干中的信息提示词lignin和paper可定位到文章的F段，因为该段提到，如果在纸张的生产中去除木质素，将会降低树木出产纸张的量，由此可以知道，去除了木质素的纸张价格必定会更加昂贵。
9. K 根据题干中的信息提示词cotton and rag waste可定位到文章的K段，该部分告诉我们，尽管用棉花和破布料造的纸里没有木质素，但它们要比木制的纸贵很多，这是因为棉花和破布料的数量比树木少得多，由此可以得出答案。
10. M 根据题干中的信息提示词Paper from Ra9可定位到文章的最后一段，该部分提出最好到专业的供应商那里去买档案材料，由此可以得出答案。
英语四级段落信息匹配题篇2
Endangered Peoples
A) Today, it is not distance, but culture that separates the peoples of the world. The central question of our time may be how to deal with cultural differences. So begins the book, Endangered Peoples, by Art Davidson. It is an attempt to provide understanding of the issues affecting the world's native peoples. This book tells the stories of 21 tribes, cultures, and cultural areas that are struggling to survive. It tells each story through the voice of a member of the tribe .Mr. Davidson recorded their words. Art Wolfe and John Isaac took pictures of them. The organization called the Sierra Club published the book.
B) The native groups live far apart in North America or South America, Africa or Asia. Yet their situations are similar. They are fighting the march of progress in an effort to keep themselves and their cultures alive. Some of them follow ancient ways most of the time. Some follow modern ways most of the time. They have one foot in ancient world and one foot in modern world. They hope to continue to balance between these two worlds. Yet the pressures to forget their traditions and join the modern world may be too great.
C) Rigoberta Menchu of Guatemala, the Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1992, offers her thoughts in the beginning of the book Endangered Peoples. She notes that many people claim that native people are like stories from the past. They are ruins that have died. She disagrees strongly. She says native communities are not remains of the past. They have a future, and they have much wisdom and richness to offer the rest of the world.
D) Art Davidson traveled thousands of miles around the world while working on the book. He talked to many people to gather their thoughts and feelings. Mr. Davidson notes that their desires are the same. People want to remain themselves~ he says. They want to raise their children the way they were raised. They want their children to speak their mother tongue, their own language. They want them to have their parents' values and customs. Mr. Davidson says the people's cries are the same: "Does our culture have to die? Do we have to disappear as a people?"
E) Art Davidson lived for more than 25 years among native people in the American state of Alaska. He says his interest in native peoples began his boyhood when he found an ancient stone arrowhead. The arrowhead was used as a weapon to hunt food. The hunter was an American Indian, long dead. Mr. Davidson realized then that Indians had lived in the state of Colorado, right where he was standing. And it was then, he says, that he first wondered: "Where are they? Where did they go? "He found answers to his early question. Many of the native peoples had disappeared. They were forced off their lands. Or they were killed in battle. Or they died from diseases brought by new settlers. Other native peoples remained, but they had to fight to survive the pressures of the modern world.
F) The Gwich'in are an example of the survivors. They have lived in what is now Alaska and Canada for 10,000 years. Now about 5,000 Gwich'in remain. They are mainly hunters. They hunt the caribou, a large deer with big horns that travels across the huge spaces of the far north. For centuries, they have used all parts of the caribou: the meat for food, the skins for clothes, the bones for tools. Hunting caribou is the way of life of the Gwich'in.
G) One Gwich'in told Art Davidson of memories from his childhood. It was a time when the tribe lived quietly in its own corner of the world. He spoke to Mr. Davidson in these words: "As long as I can remember, someone would sit by a fire on the hilltop every spring and autumn. His job was to look for caribou. If he saw a caribou, he would wave his arms or he would make his fire to give off more smoke. Then the village would come to life! People ran up to the hilltop. The tribes seemed to be at its best at these gatherings. We were all filled with happiness and sharing!"
H) About ten years ago, the modern world invaded the quiet world of the Gwich' in. Oil companies wanted to drill for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve. This area was the please where the caribou gave birth to their young. The Gwich'in feared the caribou would disappear. One Gwich' in woman describes the situation in these words: "Oil development threatens the caribou. If the caribou are threatened, then the people are threatened. Oil company official and American lawmakers do not seem to understand. They do not come into our homes and share our food. They have never tried to understand the feeling expressed in our songs and our prayers. They have not seen the old people cry. Our elders have seen parts of our culture destroyed. They worry that our people may disappear forever."
I) A scientist with a British oil company dismisses (驳回，打消) the fears of the Gwich'in. He also says they have no choice. They will have to change. The Gwich' in, however, are resisting. They took legal action to stop the oil companies. But they won only a temporary ban on oil development in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve. Pressures continue on other native people, as Art Davidson describes in his book. The pressures come from expanding populations, dam projects that flood tribal lands, and political and economic conflicts threaten the culture, lands, and lives of such groups as the Quechua of Peru, the Malagasy of Madagascar and the Ainu of Japan.
J) The organization called Cultural Survival has been in existence for 22 years. It tries to protect the rights and cultures of peoples throughout the world. It has about 12,000 members. And it receives help from a large number of students who work without pay. Theodore MacDonald is director of the Cultural Survival Research Center. He says the organization has three main jobs. It does research and publishes information. It works with native people directly. And it creates markets for goods produced by native communities.
K) Late last year, Cultural Survival published a book called State of the Peoples: a Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger. The book contains reports from researchers who work for Cultural Survival, from experts on native peoples, and from native peoples themselves. The book describes the conditions of different native and minority groups. It includes longer reports about several threatened societies, including the Penan of Malaysia and the Anishina be of North American. And it provides the names of organizations similar to Cultural Survival for activists, researchers and the press.
L) David May bury-Lewis started the Cultural Survival organization. Mr. May bury-Lewis believes powerful groups rob native peoples of their lives, lands, or resources. About 6,000 groups are left in the world. A native group is one that has its own langue. It has a long-term link to a homeland. And it has governed itself. Theodore MacDonald says Cultural Survival works to protect the rights of groups, not just individual people. He says the organization would like to develop a system of early warnings when these rights are threatened .Mr. MacDonald notes that conflicts between different groups within a country have been going on forever and will continue. Such conflicts, he says, cannot be prevented. But they do not have to become violent. What Cultural Survival wants is to help set up methods that lead to peaceful negotiations of traditional differences. These methods, he says, are a lot less costly than war. 46. Rigoberta Menchu, the Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1992, writes preface for the book Endangered Peoples.
47. The book Endangered Peoples contents not only words, but also pictures.
48. Art Davidson's initial interest in native people was aroused by an ancient stone arrowhead he found in his childhood, which was once used by an American Indian hunter.
49. The native groups are trying very hard to balance between the ancient world and the modern world.
50. By talking with them, Art Davidson finds that the native people throughout the world desire to remain themselves.
51. Most of the Gwich'in are hunters, who live on hunting caribou.
52. Cultural Survival is an organization which aims at protecting the rights and cultures of peoples throughout the world.
53. According to Theodore MacDonald, the Cultural Survival organization .would like to develop a system of early warnings when a society's rights are to be violated.
54. The book State of the Peoples: a Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger describes the conditions of different native and minority groups.
55. The Gwich' in tried to stop oil companies from drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve for fear that it should drive the caribou away.答案解析 答案详解：
A)现在，是文化而非距离将世界各民族分隔开。我们时代的中心问题也许是怎样对待文化差异。让我们从Art Davidson的著作《濒危民族》说起。该书试图帮助人们了解影响世界土著民族的诸多问题。本书讲述了为了生存而苦苦挣扎的21个部落、不同的文化和文化区的故事。每个故事都以部落成员的口吻叙述。【47】Davidson先生记录了他们的述说，Art Wolfe 和Jonhn Isaac拍摄照片，一个名为塞拉俱乐部的组织出版了这本书。
B)土著民族分布在北美或南美，非洲或亚洲，相距甚远。然而，他们所处的情况却相差无几。为了生存，为了文化的传承，他们奋力反抗前进的步伐。很多时候，他们中有些人遵循古老的生活方式，也有些人接受现代方式。【49】他们处在古代世界和现代世界之间。他们希望继续保持这两个世界的平衡。但是。抛弃传统、融入现代世界的压力非常大。
C)【46】危地马拉的Rigoberta Menchu女士是1992年诺贝尔和平奖的得主。她在《濒危民族》这本书的序言中提出了自己的观点。她指出，很多人认为土著民族就像是过去的故事，已遭破坏并消亡。她强烈反对这种观点。她认为土著民族并非过去岁月的残留。他们有未来，他们能为世界其他民族贡献自己很多的智慧和财富。
D)Art Davidson撰写《濒危民族》时，行走了数千英里路，游览了世界各地。他和各种人交谈，了解他们的思想和情感。【50】Davidson先生发现他们有着共同的愿望。他说，人们希望他们的民族可以延续。他们希望按照父母养育自己的方式养育孩子;他们希望孩子会讲母语——他们本民族的语言;他们希望孩子可以继承父辈们的价值观和习俗。Davidson先生指出，各民族的呼声是相同的：“我们的文化必须消亡吗?我们的民族必须消失吗?”
E)【48】Are Davidson在美国阿拉斯加州的土著民族中生活了25年多。他说小时候他发现过一个非常古老的石制箭头，从那时起，就激起了他对土著民族的兴趣。这个石箭头是被用作武器来猎食的。猎人是一位早已作古的美洲印第安人。接着，Davidson先生意识到当时的印第安人就生活在科罗拉多州， 他正站着的那片地方。他说，那时他第一次想知道：“他们在哪里?他们又去了何方?”他找到了这些问题的答案。许多土著民族已经消失。他们被迫远走他乡。或者，他们已经战亡。又或者他们死于新来的移民携带的疾病。其他土著民族虽然存活下来了，但是他们为了生存必须与现代世界的压力作斗争。
F)哥威迅人就是存活下来的一个例证。他们在现在的阿拉斯加和加拿大居住已有10000年。l511现在，哥威迅族的人口大概有5000，主要以狩猎为生。他们捕猎驯鹿，这种鹿体型较大，长着一对巨大的角，出没于最北边的广阔地区。数百年来，他们对驯鹿身上的各部分都加以利用：肉用作食物，皮用来做衣服，骨头用来制作工具。狩猎驯鹿就是哥威迅人的生活方式。
G)一个哥威迅人向Art Davidson诉说了他童年以来的记忆。当时，部落还默默地生活在世界上属于他们自己的角落。他这样对Davidson先生说：“在我的记忆中，每个春秋都有人坐在山顶的火堆旁。他的工作就是寻找驯鹿。如果他看到了驯鹿，就挥舞手臂。或者生火，用烟作信号。然后，村民们就会活跃起来。他们跑向山顶。这时候，部落里的人是最高兴的。我们都沉浸在幸福和分享的喜悦中。”
H)大约十年前，现代世界打破了哥威迅人的平静生活。【55】石油企业想在北极国家野生动物保护区勘探 石油。这片区域是驯鹿繁殖下一代的她方。哥威迅人担心驯鹿会消失。一位哥威迅妇女这样描述这种 情形：“石油勘探对驯鹿造成威胁。如果驯鹿受到威胁，那么人也将受到威胁。石油企业的管理者和美 国的立法者似乎并不理解这点。他们不来我们的家里，不和我们分享食物。他们从未试图了解我们的 民谣和祈祷中所要传达的感情。他们看不到祖辈们的眼泪。我们的父辈见证了我们的某些文化被摧毁。他们担心，我们的民族也许会永远消失。”
I) 英国石油公司的一位科学家打消了哥威迅人的担忧。他还指出他们没有选择，他们必须得改变。然而，哥威迅人拒绝这种改变。他们借助法律手段，阻止石油公司的开采。但是，国家只是禁止在北极国家野生动物保护区钻探石油，他们的胜利只是短暂性的。其他土著民族仍旧面临着这种压力，就像Art Davidson在书中描写的那样。这种压力来自日益增多的人口、淹没族地的水坝工程和政治经济冲突。秘鲁的盖丘亚族、马达加斯加的马达加斯加人和日本的阿伊努人，他们的文化、领土和生活都面临着政治经济冲突的威胁。
J)【52】文化拯救协会这一组织成立22年了。它试图保护世界各民族的权利和文化，拥有大约l2，000名成员。很多学生都是它的义工。Theodore MacDonald是文化拯救研究中心的董事。他指出该组织有三项主要工作：开展调研，披露信息;直接与土著民族接触;为土著民族的产品开拓市场。
K)去年年底，文化拯救协会出版了一本书，名为《民族现状：世界濒危民族的人权报告》。本书内容包括文化拯救协会调研人员和该领域其他专家的报告，也包括土著人自己的述说。【54】该书描写了不同土著民族和少数民族的生存现状。其中，对几个濒危民族，包括马来西亚的本南族和北美的安尼施纳比族做了详尽的介绍，并为对这方面有浓厚兴趣的人、研究人员和新闻媒体介绍了几大组织机构，其性质类似于文化拯救协会。
L)David May bury-Lewis创办了文化拯救协会。May bury-Lewis先生认为，其他更强大的民族威胁土著居民的生命，掠夺他们的土地和资源。世界上大约有6，000个民族。土著民族拥有自己的语言，长期居于某地，自我管辖。1531 Theodore MacDonaM指出文化拯裁协会旨在保护各民族的权利，并不是只保护个人权利。他说，该组织欲建立一个早期预警系统，当这些农权利遭到威胁对向人们提砖警告。MacDonald先生认为，国家内部各民族之间的冲突由来已久，并还将继续。这种冲突无法阻止，但并不一定要演变成暴力。文化拯救协会正致力于寻找方法，以和平协商方对待传统文化差异。他说，研究这些方法的代价比战争要低得多。
46. Rigoberta Menchu, the Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1992, writes preface for the book Endangered Peoples. 1992年诺贝尔和平奖的得主Rigoberta Menchu女士为《濒危民族》这本书作序。
【解析】 C)。细节题。根据句中关键词Rgoberta Menchu可定位至c)段首句。危地马拉的Rigoberta Menchu女士是1992年诺贝尔和平奖的得主。她在《濒危民族》这本书的序言中提出了自己的观点。由此可见 Rigoberta Menchu女士为《濒危民族》这本书作序。
47. The book Endangered Peoples contents not only words, but also pictures.
《濒危民族》这本书不仅包括文字，还包括图片。
【解析】 A)。细节题。本题着眼点在The book Endangered Peoples，因此锁定有关这本书的介绍信息， 可定位至首段。该段末句是：Davidson先生记录了他们的述说，Art Wolfe和John Isaac拍摄照片，一个名为塞拉俱乐部的组织出版了这本书。由此可知，这本书不仅有文字而且还有图片。
48. Art Davidson's initial interest in native people was aroused by an ancient stone arrowhead he found in his child- hood, which was once used by an American Indian hunter.Art Davidson最初开始对土著民族感兴趣，源自小时候见到的一个美洲印第安猎人用过的石制箭头。
【解析】E)。细节题。根据句中关键词in the interesting native people和an ancient stone arrowhead可定位至E)段。他说小时候他发现过一个非常古老的石制箭头，从那时起，就激起了他对土著民族的兴趣。这个石箭头是被用作武器来猎食的。猎人是一位早已作古的美洲印第安人。
49. The native groups are trying very hard to balance between the ancient world and the modem world.
土著民族艰难地尝试在古今世界之间寻求平衡。
【解析】 B)。细节题。根据句中关键词the native groups和balance between the ancient world and the mod- em world可定位至B)段后三句。他们处在古代世界和现代世界之间。他们希望继续保持这两个世界的平衡。但是，抛弃传统、融入现代世界的压力非常大。
50. By talking with them, Art Davidson finds that the native people throughout the world desire to remain themselves.
通过交谈，Art Davidson得知所有的土著居民都希望自己的民族得以存续。
【解析】D)。细节题。根据句中关键词the native people，desire和remain themselves可定位至D)段。 Davidson先生发现他们有着共同的愿望。他说，人们希望他们的民族可以延续。
51. Most of the Gwich'in are hunters, who live on hunting caribou.
哥威迅族人绝大部分是猎人，以狩猎驯鹿为生。
【解析】F)。细节题。根据句中关键词the Gwich in和hunting caribou可定位至F)段。与句中意思一致的两句话是：现在，哥威迅族的人口大概有5000，主要以狩猎为生。狩猎驯鹿就是哥威迅人的生活方式。
52. Cultural Survival is an organization which aims at protecting the rights and cultures of peoples throughout the world.文化拯救协会组织旨在保护世界各民族的权利和文化。
【解析】J)。细节题。根据句中关键词Cultural Survival和protecting the rights and cultures of peoples可定位至J)段的前两句。文化拯救协会这一组织已成立22年了。它试图保护世界各民族的权利和文化。
53. According to Theodore MacDonald, the Cultural Survival organization would like to develop a system of early warnings when a society's rights are to be violated.
Theodore MacDonald 称：文化拯救协会欲建立一个早期预警系统。
【解析】L)。细节题。根据句中关键词Theodore MacDonal和a system ofearly warnings可定位至末段中间部分。Theodore MacDonald指出文化拯救协会旨在保护各民族的权利，并不是只保护个人权利。他说，该组织欲建立一个早期预警系统，当这些权利遭到威胁时向人们提出警告。
54. The book State of the Peoples: a Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger describes the conditions of different native and minority groups. 《世界濒危民族的人权报告》这本书描述的生存现状。
【解析】K)。细节题。根据句中关键词the book a Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger可定位至K)段。该段对这本书进行了详细介绍，其中包括描述内容，即不同土著民族和少数民族的生存现状。
55. The Gwich' in tried to stop oil companies from drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve for fear that
it should drive the caribou away.
哥威迅族人阻止石油公司在北极国家野生动物保护区勘探石油，因为担心这样会把驯鹿吓跑。
【解析】 H)。细节题。根据句中关键词stop oil companies from drillin9和drive the caribou away可定位至 H)段二至四句。石油企业想在北极国家野生动物保护区勘探石油。这片区域是驯鹿繁殖下一代的地方。哥威迅人担心驯鹿会消失。
英语四级段落信息匹配题篇3
The Art of Friendship
A) One evening a few years ago I found myself in an anxiety. Nothing was really wrong my family and I were healthy, my career was busy and successful -- I was just feeling vaguely down and in need of a friend who could raise my spirits, someone who would meet me for coffee and let merant until the clouds lifted. I dialed my best friend, who now lives across the country in California, and got her voicemail. That's when it started to dawn on me -- lonesomeness was at the root of my dreariness. My social life had dwindled to almost nothing, but somehow until that moment I'd been too busy to notice. Now it hit me hard. My old friends, buddies since college or even childhood, know everything about me; when they left, they had taken my context with them.
B) Research has shown the long-range negative consequences of social isolation on one's health. But my concerns were more short-term. I needed to feel understood right then in the way that only a girlfriend can understand you. I knew it would be wrong to expect my husband to replace my friends: He couldn't, and even if he could, to whom would I then complain about my husband? So I resolved to acquire new friends -- women like me who had kids and enjoyed rolling their eyes at the worlda little bit just as I did. Since I'd be making friends with more intention than I'd ever given the process, I realized I could be selective, that I could in effect design my own social life. The down side, of course, was that I felt pretty frightened.
C) After all, it's a whole lot harder to make friends in midlife that it is when yon're younger -- a fact woman I've spoken with point out again and again. As Leslie Danzig, 41, a Chicago theater director and mother, sees it, when you're in your teens and 20s, you're more or less friends with everyone unless there's a reason not to be. Your college roommate becomes your best pal at least partly due to proximity. Now there needs to be a reason to be friends. "There are many people I'm comfort-able around, but I wouldn't go so far as to call them friends. Comfort isn't enough to sustain a real friendship," Danzig says.
D) At first, finding new companions felt awkward. At 40 I couldn't run up to people the way my4-year-old daughters do in the playground and ask, "Will you be my friend? Every time you start anew relationship, you're vulnerable again," agrees Kathleen Hall, D Min, founder and CEO of the Stress Institute, in Atlanta. "You're asking, 'Would you like to come into my life?' It makes us self-conscious."
E) Fortunately, my discomfort soon passed. I realized that as a mature friend seeker my vulnerability risk was actually pretty low. If someone didn't take me up on my offer, so what: I wasn't in junior high, when I might have been rejected for having the wrong clothes or hair. At my age I have amassed enough self-esteem to realize that I have plenty to offer.
F) We're all so busy, in fact, that mutual interests -- say, in a project, class, or cause that we already make time for -- become the perfect catalysts for bringing us in contact with candidates for camaraderie. Michelle Mertes, 35, a teacher and mother of two in Wausau, Wisconsin, says anew friend she made at church came as a pleasant surprise. "In high school I chose friends based on their popular-ity and how being part of their circle might reflect on me. Now's it's our shared values and activities that count." Mertes says her pal, with whom she organized the church's youth programs, is nothing like her but their drive and organizational skills make them ideal friends.
G) Happily, as awkward as making new friends can be, self-esteem issues do not factor in -- or if they do, you can easily put them into perspective. Danzig tells of the mother of a child in her son's pre-school, a tall, beautiful woman who is married to a big-deal rock musician. "I said to my husband, she's too cool for me,'" she jokes. "I get intimidated by people. But once I got to know her, she turned out to be pretty laid-back and friendly." In the end there was no chemistry between them, so they didn't become good pals. "I realized that we weren't each other's type, but it wasn't about hierarchy." What midlife friendship is about, it seems, is reflecting the person you've become (or are still becoming) back at yourself, thus reinforcing the progress you've made in your life.
H) Harlene Katzman, 41, a lawyer in New York City, notes that her oldest friends knew her back when she was less sure of herself. As much as she loves them, she believes they sometimes respond to is-sues in light of who she once was. An old chum has the goods on you. With recently made friends, you can turn over a new leaf.
I) A new friend, chosen right, can also help you point your boat in the direction you want to go. Hanna Dershowitz, 39, an attorney and mother in Los Angeles, found that a new acquaintance from workwas exactly what she needed in a friend. In addition to liking and respecting Julia, Dershowitz had a feeling that the fit and athletic younger woman would help her to get in shape.
J) While you're busy making new friends, remember that you still need to nurture your old ones. We asked Marla Paul, author of The Friendship Crisis: Finding, Making, and Keeping Friends When You "re Not a Kid Anymore, for the best ways to maintain these important relationships. Keep in touch. Your friends should be a priority; schedule regular lunch dates or coffee catch-up sessions, no matter how busy you are. Know her business. Keep track of important events in a friend's life and show your support. Call or e-mail to let her know you're thinking of her. Speak your mind. Tell a friend (politely) if something she did really upset you. If you can't be totally honest, then you need to reexamine the relationship. Accept her flaws. No one is perfect, so work around her quirks --she's chronically late, or she's a bit negative -- to cut down on frustration and fights. Boost her ego. Heartfelt compliments make everyone feel great, so tell her how much you love her new sweater or what a great job she did on a work project.
46. Leslie Danzig thought making friends at one's middle age needed some reasons.
47. A well-chosen new friend can help you go in the direction that you like.
48. A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable.
49. According to Kathleen Hall, one might feel sensitive in the first curse of making new friends.
50. Midlife friendship can help you realize your direction of life and reinforce the progress you've made in your life.
51. In Mafia Paul's book, to be a better friend, you should keep track with your fiiends, care for your friend's job, express yourself, accept her flaws and compliment your friend for her/his good dressing and job.
52. For the author, a girl friend might be the right person to under "stand her and erase her negative feeling.
53. According to Michelle Metes, midlife friendship is based on the shared values and activities
54. As a mature friend seeker, the author finds herself with enough confidence to offer and take rejection with grace.
55. With newly made friends, you can have a chance to take on a new look in your life.
交友之道
A)数年前的一天晚上，我发现自己陷入了焦虑中。事实上，一切事情祁如常，我和家人都很健康;我工作忙碌，事业有成。我只是隐隐约约感到情绪很低落，急需一个朋友能给我打打气，跟我喝杯咖啡，听我尽情发泄直到烟消云散。我最好的朋友住在加州—这个国家的另一端。我拨通了她的电话，却听到要求留言的录音。阴影从此开始笼罩着我，孤独是我沮丧的根源。我的社交生活已经减少到几乎没有，但不知何故，直到那一该，我才注意到这一点。现在，这种感觉却狠雏地撞击着我。戈的那些老朋友们，从大学甚至孩提时代就已深交的密友，对我了如指掌，但他们一离开，也把我生活的环境一并带走了。
B)研究表明，缺少社交生活对人的健康会产生长期的消极后果。还好，我妁焦虑期持续时间相当短暂。l521在那时我需要被理解，是只有女性朋友才能理解的那种方式。我知道期望我的丈夫取代喷油的想法是 错误的：他不能，即使他能，我又和谁倾诉我对丈夫的抱怨呢?于是，我下定决心要结交新朋友，目标是像我一样——有孩子而且关注这个世界的妇女。因为我这样交友的目的性更明确，我逐渐意识到，我是可以进行选择的，我实际上是可以设计我的社交生活的。当然它的消极一面就是我感到非常害怕。
C)毕竟，在中年时期交友要比年轻时困难得多一——这是个客观存在的显示，与我聊过的女性曾不止一次地指出这一点。41岁的Leslie Danzi9是芝加哥的一位戏剧导演，也是一位母亲，1461她的看法是，在十几岁、二十几岁的时候，除了有特殊理由不能成为朋友的情况，人差不多可以跟所有人成为朋友。 你的大学室友，至少余因为走得比较近而成为你最好的朋友。一现在，我们则需要理由才能成为朋友。Danzi9说，“有很多人，我跟他们在一起的时候很舒服，但我不会因此称他们为朋友。舒适度还不足以维持真正的友谊。”
D)一开始的时候，寻找新的伙伴的确让入有点尴尬。四十岁了，我无法像我四岁的女儿那样在操场上碰到人就问：“能跟我做朋友吗?”。【49】 每次建立一群新关系，你就会又变得脆弱了，”，KathleenHall，教牧学博士，亚特兰大压力研究所的创始人兼首席执行官，赞同这一看法。她说：“你是在问：‘你愿意参与到我的生活中吗?’这使我们局促不安。”
E)幸运的是，我的不适感很快就过去了。我意识到，作为一个寻找朋友的成年人，我变得脆弱的风险其实是非常低的。如果有人不愿意接受我的请求，那又如何呢?我不再是个初中生，那时我可能会因为穿不搭调的衣服或者发型不好看而被拒绝。【54】到了我这个年纪。我已经方足够的自信，我以为我有足够吸引对方的东西。
F)事实上，我们都很忙，以至于共同的兴趣，譬如，我们为之忙碌的项目、课程或事业，就成为把我们与建立伙伴关系的候选人联系在一起的理想的催化剂。35岁的MichelleMertes是盛斯康辛州沃索地区一名教师及两个孩子的母亲，她说在教会结交的新朋友对她来说是一份惊喜。【53】 Mertes说，上中学对，我是根据他们的受欢迎程度以及成为她们圈子的一员可能对或卢生的影响来选择朋友的。现在，共同的价值观和参加的劳动则成为我选择朋友的关键因素。二她与一起组织教会的青年项目的好朋友，虽然性格不同，但她们的干劲和组织能力使她们成为彼此的理想好友。
G)令人高兴的是，尽管结交新朋友是一件尴尬的事情，但自尊问题不是结交朋友需要考虑的因素—～否则，如果将自尊问题作为结交朋友的考虑因素，你也能很容易地洞察这一点。Danzig讲述了她儿子所在的幼儿园的一个孩子的母亲的故事。那位女士身材高大，美丽动八，嫁给了一位有名的摇滚音乐家。“我曾跟我的丈夫说，‘对我来说她太酷了，”她开玩笑道。“周围的人都告诫我要警惕。但是，当我跟她混熟了，才发现她原来是个非常悠闲而友好的人。”最终，她们之间因为没有“化学反应”，没能成为好朋友。“我意识到，我们不是同一类人，但这跟社会地位没有关系。”【50】现在看来：中年友谊似乎能反应你所属的类型(或正在成为的类型)，从而加强你在生活中取得的进展。
H)41岁的Harlene Katzman是纽约市的一名律师，她认为，在她无法确定自已是否变样的时候，最老的朋友知道她原来的样子。她依然非常爱她们，她相信她们有时对问题的反应能够反映出她曾经的样子，拥有老朋友对你而言大有益处。【55】而跟新交的朋友在一起：纭可以翻开新的一页。
I)【47】新朋友，如果选择对了的话， 还可以帮助找到航行的方向。39岁的Hanna Dershowitz是洛杉矶的一名律师，也是一位母亲。她发现，她在工作中新结交的一个人， Julia，正是她需要的好友。除了喜欢和尊重Julia，Dershowitz有一种感觉，这个健康且从事运动事业的年轻女性能帮助她保持身材。
J)当你忙着结交新朋友时，请记住，你仍需要与老朋友们培养感情。我们请Maria Paul，《友谊的危机：当你不再是孩童时，如何寻找朋友、结交朋友与保持友情》的作者，告诉我们维持这些重要关系的最佳途径。保持联系。朋友至上。无论你有多忙，都要抽空定期与朋友吃顿饭或者喝杯咖啡闲聊。了解她的事业。知道朋友生活中经历的重要事件，并适时表示你的支持，打电话或者发邮件让她知道你时刻都在想着她。坦诚相待。如果朋友确实做了让你懊恼的事情，一定要(委婉地)告诉她。如果你不能完全坦诚的话，就需要重新审视这段关系。包容她的缺点。人无完人，因此不要纠结于她的怪癖～她经常迟到或者她有一点消极——以减少挫折和斗争。满足她的自尊。真心的赞美使人感觉良好，所以要告诉她，你多喜欢她的新毛衣，她做了多么伟大的工作。
46.Leslie Danzig thought making friends at one’S middle age needed some reasons.LeslieDanzig认为在中年交朋友需要一些理由。
【解析】C)。细节题。根据句子关键词Leslie Danzi9和making friends al one’S middle age可定位至Cl段。该段中Danzi9说在十几、二十几岁的时候，基本上可以和所有人交朋友，但现在需要充分的理由才能交到朋友，舒适度不足以维持真正的友谊。可见她认为中年交友需要。一些理由。
47.A well—chosen new friend can help you go in the direction that you like.选择得当的新朋友能帮你朝着你向往的方向前进。
【解析】I)。细节题。根据句子关键词a well—chosen new friend和：he direction that you like可定位至I)段。该段首句指出：新朋友，如果选择对了的话，还可以帮助你找到航行的方向。
48.A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable.
数年前，作者给远在他乡的最好的朋友打电话，作者当时很需要她却没人接，因此感到很孤独沮丧。
【解析】A)。归纳题。根据句子关键词a few years a90和phoned her best friend可定位在A)段。句子是对整段的概括总结。
49.According to Kathleen Hall，one might feel sensitive in the first course ofmaking new friends.
KathleenHall觉得人们在刚开始结交新朋友的过程中会变得敏感，
【解析】 D)。细节题。由句子中的Kathleen Hall定位至D)段。该段最后一句提到，Kathleen Hall认为每次建立一种新关系，人就会变得脆弱、敏感。
50.Midlife friendship can help you realize your direction oflife and reinforze the progress yOU’ve made in your life.
中年友谊可以帮你认清生活前进的方向和巩固进步。
【解析】 G)。细节题。根据句子关键词midlife friendship和reinforce the progress可定位至G)段末句。现在看来，中年友谊似乎能反映出你所属的类型(或正在成为的类型)，从而加强你在生活中取得的进展。5 1.In Maria Paul’S book，to be a better friend，you should keep track with yourfriends，care for your friend’s job，ex—press yourself,accept her flaws and compliment your friend for her/his good dressing and job.Maria Paul的书中写到，要成为更好的朋友，你应该和朋友保持联系，关心朋友的工作，表达自己的思想，包容朋友的缺点，赞扬朋友。
【解析】J)。归纳题。根据句子中的MariaPaul’Sbook可定位至文章末段。该段列举如何巩固和朋友的关系。句子是对整段的概括总结。
52.For the author,a girl friend might be the fight person to understand her and erase her negative feelin9.
对作者来说，她需要一位女性朋友理解和化解自己的负面感受。
【解析】 B)。细节题。由句子中的the right person和understand等字眼定位至B)段。作者提到只有女性的朋友才能理解她的感受。
53.According to Michelle Mertes，midlife friendship is based on the shared values and activities
Michelle Mertes认为中年友谊的基石是共同的价值观和参与的活动。
【解析】 F)。细节题。由句子中的MichelleMertes可定位至F)段。Mertes说：上中学时，我是根据她们的受欢迎程度以及成为她们圈子的一员可能对我产生的影响来选择朋友的。现在，共同的价值观和参加的活动则成为我选择朋友的关键因素。
54.As a mature friend seeker,the author finds herself with enough confidence to offer and take rejecfion with grace.
作为一名成熟的交友者，作者发现自己有足够的自信发出邀请和坦然接受拒绝。
【解析】 E)。细节题。根据句子关键词a mature friend seeker和offe“'ejection可定位至E)段。该段中作者指出自己已经成熟，能坦然接受对方的拒绝，也保有自信，相信自己有魅力。
55.With newly made friends，you Can have a chance to take on a new look in your life.
和新朋友一起，你有机会呈现新面貌。
【解析】 H)。细节题。根据句子关键词takeon anewlook可定位至E段末句。而跟新交的朋友在一起，你可以翻开新的一页。Take on anewlook和takeoveranewleaf是同类表述。