英语里什么是分词

分词具有动词及形容词二者特征的词;尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n结尾的英语动词性形容词,具有形容词功能,同时又表现各种动词性特点,如时态,语态、带状语性修饰语的性能及带宾词的性能。

现在分词的用法

1) 做表语：

He was very amused.

That book was rather boring.

很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语：

exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.

2) 作定语：

上面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语, 修饰一个名词：

That must have been a terrifying experience.

I found him a charming person.

现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词, 相当于一个定语从句：

There are a few boys swimming in the river.

There is a car waiting outside.

3) 作状语：

现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作：

Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain.

Opening the drawer, he took out a box.

Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.

现在分词短语还可以表示原因, 相当于一个原因状语从句：

Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.

Being unemployed, he hasn’t got much money.

现在分词短语还可以表示时间, 相当于一个时间状语从句：

Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.

Returning home, he began to do his homework.

Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis.

Be careful when crossing the road.

Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.

Having finished her work, she went home.

4)作宾补：

现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语：

例如, see, hear, catch, find, keep , have 等.

I see him passing my house every day.

I caught him stealing things in that shop.

I smelt something burning.

She kept him working all day.