some、any在不定代词中的用法

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some、any在不定代词中的用法

some (一些，某些，某个)：可代替名词和形容词，常用在肯定句中作主语、宾语、定语等。用作定语时，它可以修饰单数名词和复数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。如：

Some are bus drivers,others are bus conductors.(主语)

Have you any French books?-yes, I have some.(宾语)

I am going to fetch some water.(定语，修饰不可数名词)

I have read that in some magazine.(定语，修饰可数名词单数，翻译为某一本杂志)

【注】：some也可以作状语，意思相当于about(大约)。如：

I waited some twenty miuntes.我等了大约二十分钟。

The mill has some 4,000 workers and staff.这个工厂有大约4000名职工。

any(一些，任何)：可以代替名词或形容词，常用在否定句或疑问句中，也可用于条件状语从句中。作定语时，它可以修饰可数名词(多位复数)和不可数名词。如：

Have you any matches?(定语)

No,I haven't any.(宾语)

Is there any ink in your pen?(定语)

There isn't any tea in the kitchen.(定语)

【注一】：不定代词any用在肯定句中时，意思是“任何的”。如：

You may come at any time;I'll be in the office the whole morning.

She is younger than any other comrade in the workshop.

You must find a dictionary,any dictionary will do.

【注二】：any可用作状语，表示程度。如：

Is she any better today?

【注三】：some和any的区别：some多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句和疑问句。如：

I am looking for some paper clips.

Have you any paper clips?

I haven't any paper clips.

但是，如果说话人希望得到肯定的回答，这时疑问句中可用some。

Didn't you buy some paper clips the other day?

Have you some envelops?(说话人肯定听话人有)

some还可以用于表示请求和邀请的疑问句。如：

Will you lend me some books,please?(请求)

Would you like some sweets?(邀请)