英语文化：传统丰盛英式早餐是什么样的

摘要：英国人最喜欢在早餐喝什么呢?当然是茶。大约55%英国人在吃全英式早餐的时候会喝一杯茶。他们第二喜欢的是鲜橙汁(41%)，第三喜欢的是咖啡(35%)。

It's said to be the most important meal of the day...even if only six per cent of us eat it.

据说早餐是一日三餐中最重要的一餐……虽然只有6%的人会吃早餐。

But a poll has now decided what should be on the plate for the perfect full English breakfast.

通过投票，人们选出了一顿丰盛的全英式早餐所应包含的食物。

And there is no room for ‘johnny come lately’ hash browns or northern delicacy black pudding.

新兴的美式香煎土豆丝和北方美食黑布丁则不在此列。

A poll of 2,000 people made the decision and it is:

2000人投票选出的是：

Fried eggs, smoked bacon, thick sausages, grilled tomatoes, fried mushrooms, toast and baked beans.

煎蛋、醺肉、粗香肠、烤番茄、炸蘑菇、吐司和烘豆。

And while this might be a big spread, cooked breakfasts are the cheapest they've been for five years.

这个结果或许将会广为传播，但煮早餐早已是近5年以来最实惠的早餐方式了。

Almost half the people asked made the full English their favourite breakfast dish and over a third of Brits eat breakfast out more than once a month.

参与投票的人中几乎有一半都的最爱是全英式早餐，而超过三分之一的英国人每个月至少会出去吃一顿早餐。

And there is still fierce debate over the perfect condiment to accompany the Full English breakfast – in the South, ketchup is the sauce of choice but in the North, breakfast champions refuse to use any condiment other than brown sauce.

至于全英式早餐要配什么佐料，人们仍然在激烈争论着。在南部，人们会选择番茄酱，但在北部，早餐的佐料只会用棕酱。

Mitchells & Butlers - the company behind high street pub and bar chains like Toby Carvery, Harvester restaurants and Sizzling Pubs – carried out the research and the firm’s marketing specialist Jo Hudson, said: “There is so much debate about the Full English breakfast that we wanted to identify what Britain really wanted on its classic breakfast plate.

这个调查是由Mitchells & Butlers发起的，这家公司支撑着Toby烤肉店、Harvester餐厅和Sizzling酒馆这样的商业街酒吧连锁。公司的市场专家琼·哈德森说：“关于全英式早餐的争论太多了，所以我们想确认一下英国人真正想要的传统早餐是什么样的。”

“We’ve discovered that there is a north-south divide when it comes to certain breakfast items. In the north, for example, they prefer unsmoked bacon and they insist on black pudding and brown sauce on their Full English. But in the south, they won’t warrant a breakfast without ketchup, smoked bacon and no black pudding.

“我们发现了南北在某些早餐菜式上存在差异。比如说在北方，人们更喜欢非烟熏肉，认为全英式早餐里必须要有黑布丁和棕酱。但在南方，人们不会接受一顿没有番茄酱和烟熏肉的早餐，也不吃黑布丁。

“But we’ve crunched the statistics and come up with the definitive Full English breakfast plate as voted for by the majority of Brits.”

“但我们得出了一份权威的全英式早餐菜式列表，这是经过英国大多数人的投票后，我们处理投票数据得出的。”

The survey reveals that 67% of Brits eat breakfast every day and most -51% - eat breakfast alone.

调查显示，67%的英国人每天都会吃早餐，大多数人(51%)是独自吃早餐的。

The nation’s favourite breakfast drink? Tea, of course. Some 55% of the UK has a cup of tea when it eats a Full English breakfast. Second favourite is fresh orange juice (41%) and in third is coffee (35%).

英国人最喜欢在早餐喝什么呢?当然是茶。大约55%英国人在吃全英式早餐的时候会喝一杯茶。他们第二喜欢的是鲜橙汁(41%)，第三喜欢的是咖啡(35%)。

Jo Hudson added: “Our research also discovered that far from being unadventurous, Brits are happy to chance their arm and try new things for breakfast. Lobster Benedict, Eggs Benedict, Breakfast Burgers, Egg & Marmite Soldiers, Salmon & Scrambled Eggs – more than a third of the nation (34%) have tried all these.

琼·哈德森补充道：“我们的调查还发现英国人根本不是不喜冒险，他们很乐意在早餐的时候尝尝新东西。龙虾松饼、火腿蛋松饼、早餐汉堡、鸡蛋配面包条、鲑鱼配炒鸡蛋——超过三分之一的英国人(34%)都尝过这些。

History of the full English

全英式早餐的历史

The first English Breakfast was mentioned in recipes around 1840 but the menu was not fixed it could include halibut, whiting, figs, pheasant, kidneys on toast, and pork pie”.

英式早餐最早是在1840年左右的菜谱中被提及的，但菜式并不固定，可能会有大比目鱼、无花果、野鸡、吐司配腰子和猪肉馅饼。

That legend of the cookbook Mrs Beeton in her household management book of 1861 recorded breakfast as: “The following list of hot dishes may perhaps assist our readers in knowing what to provide for the comfortable meal called breakfast. Broiled fish, such as mackerel, whiting, herrings, dried haddocks, mutton chops and rump-steaks, broiled sheep’s kidneys, kidneys à la maître d’hôtel, sausages, plain rashers of bacon, bacon and poached eggs, ham and poached eggs, omelets, plain boiled eggs, oeufs-au-plat, poached eggs on toast, muffins, toast, marmalade, butter.”

在传奇级食谱——比顿夫人1861年的家庭管理手册中，她对早餐的记录是：“在准备一顿令人舒适的早餐时，以下的热菜列表或许能帮助读者选择做什么菜。烤鱼(如鲭鱼、牙鳕、鲱鱼)、黑线鳕鱼干、羊排骨和羊肉排、烤绵羊腰子、总管腰子、香肠、熏肉片、熏肉配煮鸡蛋、火腿配煮鸡蛋、煎蛋卷、水煮鸡蛋、煎蛋、煮鸡蛋配吐司、松饼、吐司、果酱、黄油。”

During the Second World War due to a shortage of bacon and eggs breakfast became a rare luxury but by 1956 half the British population were still having a cooked breakfast even if it was just a boiled egg.

二战期间，由于熏肉和鸡蛋短缺，早餐变成了罕有的奢侈品。但直到1956年，仍然有一半的英国人吃做好的早餐，尽管只有一个煮鸡蛋。

An Ulster version includes potato bread and soda farls, Welsh includes laverbread, eaten fried with bacon and cockles. In the North Midlands, oatcakes sometimes replace fried bread and the Scots includes tattie scones and Lorne sausage.

阿尔斯特(位于北爱尔兰)版本的早餐中有土豆面包和苏打薄饼;威尔士版本的则有莱佛面包，跟熏肉和鸟蛤一起炸着吃。在英格兰中部地区偏北的地方，人们有时候会用燕麦饼代替煎面包，而苏格兰早餐会有土豆煎饼和方形香肠。

A typical full English has approximately 1190 calories.

一顿标准的全英式早餐大约含有1190卡路里。