初中英语句子结构讲解及练习
学习英语句子不仅能提高学生的语言能力,同时还能提高学生的语感和交际能力。下面是小编带来的初中英语句子结构讲解及练习，欢迎阅读!
初中英语句子结构讲解及练习阅读
1 句子的成分
组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子主体部分(在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语)。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分：
1 主语
主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。
We study in No.1 Middle School.(讲述“谁”～)
The classroom is very clean. (讲述“什么”很干净)
Three were absent.(数词作主语)
To teach them English is my job. (不定式作主语)
注意
不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型，因此左例可变为It is my job to teach them English. (真正的主语是to teach them English.)
2 谓语
说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 His Parents are doctors. (系动词作谓语)
She looks well.(系动词作谓语)
We study hard.(实义动词作谓语)
He can speak English. (情态动词和实义动词作谓语)
3 表语
表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。
You look younger than before.(形容词作表语)
I am a teacher.(名词作表语)
Everybody is here.(副词作表语)
They are at home now.(介词短语作表语)
My job is to teach them English.(不定式作表语)
4 ,宾语
宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么，在谓语之后。
She is playing the piano now.(名词作宾语)
He often helps me.(代词作宾语)
He likes to sleep in the open air.(不定式作宾语)
We enjoy living in China.(动名词作宾语)
5状语
状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。
He did it carefully.(副词作状语)
Without his help，we couldn't work it out. (介词短语作状语)
(In order) to catch up with my classmates， I must study hard.(不定式作目的状语) 6 定语
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以担任定语。因为它是修饰名词或代词的，而名词和代词又可以作主语，还可以作表语和宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。
The black bike is mine. 主语部分(形容词作定语)
What is your name? 表语(代词作定语)
They made paper flowers. 宾语(名词作定语)
The boys in the room are in Class Three Grade One. (介词短语作定语)
I have something to do. (不定式作定语)
初中英语句子结构讲解及练习练习
I.指出下列各句中斜体词的词性，并将句子译成汉语。
1. The driverbackedthe car out of thegarage.
2. The man wasfined20 dollars forsmoking in the theatre.
3. You've done a pretty good job.
4. The boy asked the actorspresenttosign their names in his notebook.
5. In the darkness weinchedagainst thewall.
6. We walked about the school campus during thebreak.
7. There was aburstof laughter in theclassroom.
8. The climber bought a lot ofcannedfood.
9. These medicines will beshippedto anAfrican country.
10. The lady put the fish dish at the window tocoolit.
11. Harrislearned how tomilka cow.
12. The crops are growing badly in suchdryweather.
13. The wastebasket has beenemptied.
14. Too muchfatis bad for one's health.
15. A new plan hasformedin his mind.
16. The girl has agiftfor language learning.
17. The rain saved us the trouble towatertheflowers.
18. They had a goodlaughover the story.
19. The ownernamedhis coffee shop"Dream".
20. The hall canseatabout one thousandpeople.
21. The robber wassentencedto death.
22. His debttotaled£ 20,000.
23. They satstill,with their eyes fixedon the teacher.
24. We looked at the eagle flyinghighinthe sky.
25. Is hehomealready?
26. The old man likes towalkhis dogafter breakfast.
27. She haslongedto have a room of herown.
28. Some roadsignswere set up along thehighway.
29. Nancystopped to have asmoke.
30. Ibookedtwo tickets beforehand.
II.指出下列各句的基本结构。
1. Mr Black is English.
2. The teacher taught us some grammar rules.
3. The farmer dug up the soil.
4. She found her ring lost.
5. She left her job unfinished.
6. The great poet lived in the 18th century.
7. She introduced her friends to us.
8. The tape-recorder is on the desk.
9. The guests have just arrived.
10. She laid the baby on the bed.
参考答案：
答案：
1、司机把汽车倒出车库。
2、那人因为在剧场内抽烟被罚款20美元。
3、你工作干得很好。
4、孩子请在场的演员在他的笔记本上签名。
5、黑暗中我们倚墙慢慢移动。
6、休息时我们在校园散步。
7、教室里爆发出一阵哄笑声。
8、登山者买了许多罐头食品。
第11 / 13页
9、这些药品将船运到某非洲国家。
10、女士把烧好的鱼放在靠窗处凉一下。
11、哈里斯学会了如何挤奶。
12、在这么干旱的天气里庄家长势很差。
13、废纸篓已被倒空。
14、过多的脂肪对人体健康有害。
15、一个新的计划在他的头脑中形成了。
16、这女孩有学习语言的天赋。
17、这场雨省去了我们浇花的麻烦。
18、他们听了故事开怀大笑。
19、店主将他的咖啡馆取名为“梦”。
20、这会场能容纳约1000人的座位。
21、抢劫者被判处死刑。
22、他的债务总计两万英镑。
23、他们坐着不动，眼睛盯着老师。
24、我们看着鹰在天空翱翔。
25、他已经回家了。
26、老人喜欢早餐后遛狗。
27、她渴望有自己的房间。
28、公路沿线竖起了一些路牌。
29、南希停下来抽烟。
30、我事先预定了两张票。
II.
1.SVC 2.SVOO 3. SVO 4.SVOC 5.SVOC
6.SV 7.SVOO 8.SVC 9.SV 10.SVO