否定句的使用方法与分类

2017-03-06

否定句表示否定的句子,必须有否定词,那么你对否定句的用法了解多少呢?以下是由小编整理关于否定句的用法的内容,希望大家喜欢!

否定句的用法

一、动词的否定转移

1.形式上否定主句的谓语,实际上是否定从句的谓语

当动词“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”的主语是第一人称,谓语动词为没有任何副词修饰的一般现在时,它们的否定式实际上是对宾语从句的否定。表示说话者提出一种委婉的看法或主张。如:

I think that he will help us.——I don’t think that he will help us. 我认为它不会帮助我们。

I believe that he is right.——I don’t believe that he is right. 我认为他不对。

I suppose that he likes it.——I don’t suppose that he likes it. 我想他不喜欢它。

2. 形式上否定谓语动词,实际上否定复合宾语

当动词“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”、“find”的主语是第一人称、谓语动词为没有任何副词修饰的一般现在时,它们前面的否定式实际上是对复合宾语的否定。表示说话者所提出的一种委婉的看法或主张。如:

I think math difficult. — I don’t think math difficult. 我认为数学不难。

I find the story interesting. — I don’t find the story interesting. 我认为这个故事没有趣。

I expect so. —I don’t expect so. 我认为不会。

注意:动词“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”在下列情况下,否定不转移:

(1)这些动词跟其他另一个动词一起做并列谓语时,否定不转移。如:

I believe and hope he won’t do that. 我相信并且也希望他将不会那样做。

I feel and admit that we are not foolish. 我觉得并且也承认我们并不愚蠢。

(2)用于疑问句时,否定不转移。如:

Do you think it is not going to rain? 你认为天不会下雨吗?

Don’t you believe that he has done a good thing? 难道你不相信他做了一件好事?

(3)用作插入语时,否定不转移。如:

Li Lei, I think, won’t be angry with you. 我想李蕾不会生你的气。

Tom, I suppose, won’t be against it. 我猜想汤姆不会反对。

Mike, I believe, hasn’t seen the film. 我认为迈克没有看这场电影。

(4)动词前有其他副词修饰时,否定不转移。如:

I really don’t think it’s necessary for us to go there now. 我的确不认为我们有必要去那儿。

I feel strongly that he shouldn’t do such a thing. 我强烈地认为他不应该做那样的事。

(5)动词为非一般现在时或主语不是第一人称时,否定不转移。

I thought that he wouldn’t come back soon. 我原以为他不会回来得这么快。

She didn’t believe that he became a good boy. 她不相信它变成了一个好孩子。

He thinks that he isn’t fit for the job. 他认为他不适合这件工作。

He doesn’t believe that what we told him is true. 他不相信我们告诉他的事是真的。

(6)当宾语从句中含的否定为“not……at all”、“not a little”、“not a few”、“not enough”、“can’t help”等固定搭配时,否定不转移。如:

I think that he doesn’t know it at all. 我想他对那一点也不知道。

I suppose that it is not enough to remember the words if you want to learn the language well. 我认为如果你想把这门语言学好,那么只记单词是不够的。

I believe that you can’t help singing our national anthem when you win the first place in the Olympic Games. 我相信当你在奥运会上获得第一名时你会情不自禁地唱起国歌来。

(7)当宾语从句中含“no”、“nothing”、“nobody”、“nowhere”、“hardly”、“seldom”、“little”、“few”等否定词或半否词时,否定不转移。如:

I believe that nothing can make me give it up. 我想任何事情也不能使我放弃。

I think that no one can escape if the ship sinks in the sea. 我认为如果这艘船沉入海底的话,那么谁也逃不掉。

I suppose that he is a man of few words. 我猜想他是一个言语不多的人。

二、语的否定转移

有些句子形式上否定谓语动词,实际上是对句子后面状语进行否定。如:

Let’s not talk about it here. 我们别在这里谈吧。

Don’t read in the sun. 不要在阳光下看书。

Don’t talk with your mouth full of food. 不要口里含着食物说话。

否定句的分类

(1)一般否定句

I don't know this. No news is good news.

There is no person(smoking)/not a person/not any person(smoking)in the house.

(2)特指否定

He went to his office, not to see him.

I am sorry for not coming on time.

I don't think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right.

(3)部分否定

All the answers are not right

All is not gold that glitters

I don't know all of them.

I can't see everybody/everything.

Both of them are not right.

(4)全体否定

None of my friends smoke.

I can see nothing/nobody.

Neither of them is right.

Nothing can be so simple as this.

(5)延续否定

You didn't see him, neither/nor did I.

You don't know, I don't know either.

He doesn't know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of(更不用说)French.

(6)半否定句

We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing.

I know little English. I saw few people.

(7)双重否定

You can't make something out of nothing.

What's done cannot be undone.

There is no sweet without sweat.

No gain without pains.

I can't help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it.

No man is so old but(that)he can learn.

(8)排除否定

Everyone is ready except you.

He did nothing but play.

But for your help, I couldn't do it.

(9)加强否定

I won't do it at all.

I can't see it any more.

He is no longer a bo

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